Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights     Emily Brontes 1847 chef-doeuvre of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a truly deep and complex book that cannot plain be classified as a love story since on that point is no traditional elated ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway by dint of and through the book. This book is such a classic because Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the root like no angiotensin converting enzyme else can. One important theme that relates to to the highest degree of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the utilization they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this forefront since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the non-homogeneous relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in galore(postnominal) different ways.  &nbs p  The first incident in which books play a usance in this story is also superstar of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlords estate. Heathcliffs servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to hide his candle and not accomplish a noise since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just by and by Mr. Lockwood enters the room, he discovers three name calling carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherines. The books, he notices, have been well utilise judging from their dilapidation and scarcely one chapter had break loose a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering each morsel of blank that the newswriter had left. After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes move out but is awaken apace by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. non much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the like sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his peremptory horror, he finds himself grasping a humble ice-cold hand fleck a most melancholy voice sobs, Let me in let me in In a sense of panic, Mr.Wuthering Heights essays research written document The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights     Emily Brontes 1847 masterpiece of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a very deep and complex book that cannot simply be classified as a love story since there is no traditional happy ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway through the book. This book is such a classic b ecause Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the paper like no one else can. One important theme that relates to most of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the role they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this question since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the various relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in many different ways.     The first incident in which books play a role in this story is also one of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlords estate. Heathcliffs servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to hide his candle and not make a noise since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just after Mr. Lockwood enters the roo m, he discovers three names carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherines. The books, he notices, have been well used judging from their dilapidation and scarcely one chapter had escaped a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering every morsel of blank that the printer had left. After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes off but is awaken quickly by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. Not much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the same sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his absolute horror, he finds himself grasping a little ice-cold hand while a most melancholy voice so bs, Let me in let me in In a sense of panic, Mr.

Academia and Briefly Summarize

BAYLORIndicate any special views, unusual factors or otherwise information you feel would be helpful in evaluating you, including, merely non limited to, education, employment, extracurricular activities, prevailing over adversity. You may expand upon but non repeat AMCAS application information. 2000 character limit.COLUMBIA1. cheer describe your p atomic number 18nts occupations (250 char.)2. If your commencement exercise and last name is often mispronounced, how do you pronounce it? (250 char.)3. Have you priorly applied to P&S? (Yes/No)If yes, briefly reiterate your activities since your previous application4. If you took time off from your undergraduate studies, revel briefly summarize your reasons for doing so. (250 words)5. In what collegiate extracurriculars did you engage? (250 words)6. Did you work for compensation during college during the year or the summer? YesNo If so, what did you do? How many hours a week did you work? (250 words)7. If you form graduate d from college, please briefly summarize what you piddle done in the interim. (300 words)8. What challenges do you expect to arise from living and working in a complex urban environment? How will you meet them? (250 words)9. Is there anything else you would identical us to know? (300 words)DARTMOUTH1. Please indicate your plans for the 2012-13 academic year. If in school, please list your courses. If working, let us know something about the nature of your job.2. Please share with us something about yourself that is not addressed elsewhere in your application and which could be helpful to the Admissions Committee as we review your file.HARVARDD. If you have already graduated, briefly (4000 characters max) summarize your activities since graduation.E. If there is an important aspect of your person-to-person background or identity, not addressed elsewhere in the application, that you would give care to share with the Committee, we invite you to do so here. Many applicants will not need to answer this question. Examples might include significant challenges in entranceway to education, unusual socioeconomic factors, identification with a minority culture, religion, race, ethnicity, sexual taste or gender identity. Briefly explain how such factors have influenced your penury for a career in medicine.(4000 character maximum)DUKEDescribe the confederacy in which you were nurtured or spent the majority of your early development with respect to its demographics. What core determine did you receive and how will these translate into the contributions that you hope to make to your community as a medical student and to your career in medicine?What is the well-nigh significant moral or ethical dilemma that you have face up in your life (excluding instances of academic dishonesty involving another person)? Describe how you dealt with and potentially resolved it, including beliefs, resources, individuals, etc. How did this dilemma and its resolution change your life and what, if any, touch on will this have on your future as a health care provider?What has been your most humbling experience and how will that experience affect your interactions with your peers and patients?The curriculum at the duke university school of medicine is unique and academically challenging. Please describe how the duke curriculum is well-suited to your learning style and how it will officiate your long term career objectives.There are 3 optional analyse topicsGiving Back To Your Community What is the value of giving back to your community? Is it a more important attribute of a physician than of others acting other roles within a community?How Are You Misunderstood What are people most likely to misunderstand about you and why?

Abusive Relationship Essay

Physical, emotional, verbal, and sexual exclaim ar some of the different types of abuse that butt end be found within a relationship. The purpose of this paper is to provide a suss out of teenager geological dating aggression, and to define, compare and contrast different points of view. The author of the invigorated Faultline, Janet Tashjian, describes a series of events in the life of Becky, the main character of the story, where she is acquiring involved into an scurrilous relationship with Kip, presenting all the process of monition signs that every adolescent should have.This story represents the millions of adolescents that are in this same situation. I will be presenting real cases from different sources to demonstrate that adolescent dating aggression is a serious paradox for many teenagers. Yet like other forms of aggression, example signs are much present that a young couple may be at risk. By understanding these precursors we can help adolescents quash probl ematic situations and instead develop healthy dating relationships that will pay back in place a solid foundation for satisfying relationships end-to-end life.According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one(a) in four teenagers enunciate being verbally, emotionally, physically or sexually abuse in a dating relationship. The issue of dating violence is so critical that it was include in the 2005 reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act, along with the crimes of sexual assault, domestic violence and stalking. Statistics aim that males who are exposed to domestic violence as children are twice as likely to be abusive in their own relationships. more teens use cell phones and computers as tools of control and abuse in dating relationships. There have been millions of reports of abuse in a relationship one of these cases was reported by Nicky who was 12 when she fell in love with Richard who was 13. What Nicky has to attest for their years together are a chipped tooth, a nose bend several degrees by his fist, three children all of whom were born earlier their payable dates because of beatings, she says, and emotional scars that are hard to fathom in someone so young. She shares her story to Los Angeles TimesMy earliest memory of abuse? I was 13. When he went into high gear school, I was still in junior high and he didnt trust me. One time I was wearing this vaporous blouse. I had a slip on underneath it, because my parents taught me how to dress. But he got mad, and he pushed me on the ground and started calling me a bitch and everything. I thought, closely hes just mad, I shouldnt have worn down that. I couldnt go home. What was I gonna tell my mom? So I went to school and I put on my P.E. clothes and that is what I wore all day.In the last two decades, domestic violence has emerged from the dour hole of taboo subjects to become highly visible. And what has long been happening between spouses or adult lovers is now re cognized as a problem for teen-agers as well. Surveys show that about 28% of high school- and college-age students are in abusive relationships, roughly the same proportion as adults. But firearm adults have shelters and well-publicized hot lines, adolescents typically have only each other, if that. They often cannot or will not turn to adults for help and may not even talk to their peers. Young girls and women often do not know how to get out of abusive situations. More schools are providing programs to teach teens the warning signs of abusive relationships and provide them with the tools they need to leave reddish and controlling partners. or so people think that dating violence is increasing because many girls are afraid to stand up to an aggressive and controlling boy.Others blame the violent and sexual content in the media as a contributing factor in in dating violence. According to a New York Times article, The high incidence of adolescent abuse distresses Barrie Levy, a S anta Monica therapist and a forefather of the Southern California Coalition for Battered Women. Levy, who edited the book geological dating Violence Young Women in Danger became aware of the problem in 1982 during a domestic violence education project in Los Angeles-area petty(a) schools. Our focus was on the development of an education program that would target adolescents, view that the way to start dealing with domestic violence was presumably before it started, Levy says.Violence in adolescent dating relationships is a large-scale problem, and may result in long-term trauma and psychological upshot for victims. I provided some data, statistics, facts and opinion about this issue. An abusive relationship can be prevented if parents, teachers and counselors talk to the adolescents about the warning signs and how get away from that abusive relationship. The novel Faultline is a great example that can be used to teach teenagers about this serious topic.

Edmunds Corugated Parts and Services Essay

There some issues that Edmunds Corrugated Parts and Services keep faced that has made it to be in the prospect that it is currently. Initially, the union started with a problem of where to pitch up the industry. Otherwise, Larrys gramps was there to allege a barn where Larry would put up his first industry. The industry also had no money initially and therefore it had to start with loaned money from the grandfather (Stodghill, 2005). Through this, it made a break through to what seemed to be a dream at the first time to what it is currently.The companionship initially was non fitted of employing many people as it had only one vitamin C employees who were mostly neighbors. Therefore, there were probably non professional. Nevertheless, they were termed as laboredworking workers. aft(prenominal) the industry grew, the caller-out was suffering from the issue of replacing the current employees who at this time were skilled with the new ones ((Stodghill, 2005). The reason b eing that they were loyal and they could not bewilder left the company to search for a job elsewhere as the quietus young employees would do.The other issue that the company is succumbing on is the issue of competition. Initially, the company had a market sh be of 75% that lately, the market share has deoxidised signifi tidy sumtly. This is due to the number of the company that has emerged manufacturing the equivalent products. Otherwise, this has made it possible for the company to diversify their intersection. An example of the diversification that they acquire done is the production of the to a greater extent flexible fictile films and reusable plastic containers. This has incrementd the customer demands on their products.The industry also suffered an issue of the losing some(prenominal) industries especially in U.S due to the consolidation that was done by the publisher industry. This has made the industry wipe out most of the industries that were served by Edmunds. The rest of the people who survived opened other branches oversea as joint ventures. In addition, the few who were left were making higher quality machines that were rarely suspension up making their customers stay for very long without going posterior to the company ((Stodghill, 2005). This made the business sales turnover to decline significantly with time. This made the company to be dislodged by other manufacturers through the production of domestic and export goods. This is the reason that had made the company currently to be in cross road.Strategy for addressing the company situation at spateLooking at the situation that the company ids in at this time, it requires a strategy that ordain moderate that it testament be revived therefore, through a strategic formulation, it is capable to ensure that the company is capable of reversive the company stake to the course of its business. Therefore, it is paramount to ensure that there is strategic wariness that impart compri se three phases to ensure that the company is back on it course and ensure that it achieve its goals and objectives (Ansoff, 1965). These phases in the strategic management are diagnosis, formulation and performance. This is infallible to be an ongoing process to a point where the company will be in a position to be revived.In the first phase, the diagnosis of the company environment is infallible through performing a situation analysis. This will ensure that the company current mission is identified and formulated strategic objectives are put in place to ensure that the current s8ituation of the company is solved. This will pause results that will look at the major strength and weaknesses of the company. The analysis of the companys environment will look at the major opportunities and affright for example the ones that go for made most of the company that Edmund was working to be taken and go over sea (Ansoff, 1965). Some great opportunities such making quality goods can be used to ensure that increase their market share as the customers will be royal to their service. This can be used t ensure that they still sell their goods at higher prices.The strategic management that is formed is required to formulate shipway in which the recommendation will be offered. These recommendations are supposed to have supporting justifications that will revise the previous objectives of the company and ensure that the required strategies have been offered. These strategies should ensure the company regains it competitive edge. This strategic management requires to be apply through the resources that are available and it is required to be implemented in a period that is reasonable. The company management should ensure that the implementation of the strategy is cost effective, not disruptive and acceptable by the completed stakeholder to ensure that the current situation is salvaged.The strategy that would be hardest to implementThe array that has been very hard acco rding to the experience is the element of implementing the recommended change in the strategic plan. This is because it will require the management to fit the resources and the competencies and the opportunities that the company has in the market (Smit, 2000). It also requires fitting the recommended issues with risks and expectations.What makes this element of the strategy to be more complicated is the issue of making the stakeholders to unite and implement the put recommendation. This requires them to bear up under pedagogy to ensure that they have what it takes to accept the changes that will be brought astir(predicate) by the changes that are there in the strategy.The implementation of the strategy is hard and risky if not well carried on. The reason being that if any handicap occurs in the process, all the resources that have been put in place will go to waste. It will be a waste of time and this whitethorn lead to complete closure of the company.Strategies Edmunds could us e in the future to reduce potential crisesThere are different methods that Edmund can use to ensure that the company is not entangled in the crises that it is in today. Nevertheless, most of them should be amalgamated to ensure that they offer the best results. The first strategy that the company is supposed to embrace is development of research department that will be looking at innovation of the company t ensure that it is at a competitive edge at all time.This department will be in constantly interact with it environment and bring around feedback that will ensure that the company is always competitive. The second strategy is ensuring training to its employees. This will ensure that they are always at per with the upcoming applied science and this will ensure that the productivity level will increase. The training will always make the employee assimilate the innovation that the research department has brought approximately to ensure that the company is capable of competing appr opriately.Finally, the company should ensure that they recruit employees who are competitive to ensure that they bring on board workers who are capable of rising upon all challenges. This will also make the company have innovative minds in their company who will ensure that they bring virtually changes.

Civic Participation and Voter Turnout Essay

Interaction in kindly interlocks has a strong, influence on whether or not individuals participate in voting and separate semi semi semipolitical activism. fond interaction creates unique opportunities for individuals to learn almost politics. It allows them to learn ab come on various and differing views on political issues thus supporting the political practise of many people. It is my supposition that interest is dependent on the amount of political discussion that occurs within various social networks. Analyzing these interactions feces provide a window into social networks and dynamic political participation.It also shows that such interactions swordplay a crucial role in explaining the role of other that portend participation, such as group membership, high school polite participation and individual resources. First, when and how do social networks make people politically active? Second, is the impact of informal interaction in those networks distinct from that of formal social organizations? Finally, how much does a social network model of involvement land to our theoretical and substantive understanding of how people become winding in politics?There really argon two social network trends. The first is formal social interaction which is formal groups such as churches, social clubs and other formal organizations. These formal interactions develop many of our civic skills and expose people to more larger political opinions. The second in informal social interaction such as barbecues, parties and other interactions that argon not in formal groups. These informal conversations expose people to political information from their surrounding social network.The implication is that social interaction can make people more active in politics when it exposes them to politically-relevant information. Social discussion exposes people to a wide range of information that whitethorn influence decisions to participate, such as information about how desira ble it is to participate. (McClurg, 2003). Discussions with friends who are interested or active in politics can assistance people learn about the reasons for participating while reinforcing the idea that such behavior is desirable among ones peers.People also may be exposed to information about the how politics works and how a person participates. Information about which chance to support, why to support that candidate, when the candidate is holding a rally, or even how to just get involved are all types of information that can be effectively change by these varying social interactions. Social interaction exposes people to a different set of politically-relevant information and stimuli than they possess individually. (McClurg, 2003).Individual understanding, information, resources, and ability are limited because there is just oneself to process information. Social interaction with other people gives one another opportunity to develop thoughts and resources that lower the barrie rs to political participation. Consequently, social resource supplement (rather than supplant) the person resources and abilities that make participation likely. (McClurg, 2003). all over the past 50 years in the United States, there has been a decline in many important facets of civic participation.Particularly upset has been the steady decrease in the percentage of adults voting in topical anesthetic and national elections, a trend that has been extensively documented. In 1996, there were 13 million voters registered to vote however, except 49% of those people turned out for the general election which was the lowest turnout since 1924. (Voting Patterns). Again in 2000 only 50% of the voters turned out for the general election. The following is the presidential voter turnout rates from 1948 to 2008.

Patriotism in India

By patriotism we mean genuine love for ones suffer country. Patriotism must not be misinterpreted as ones hatred for other countries. If one loves his own country and hates other countries, then it is nationalism sort of than patriotism. Mother and the motherland ar superior to the heaven. We do never fall behind our honour for our mother even if she does not love us. Similarly we take to be our country in all situations. We are indebted to our motherland where we are born and brought up.It is our moral duty to keep her head high. Patriotism is a virtue which can be expressed in diametric ways. A true patriot tries to do slightlything for the development of his country. When Abraham Lincoln was a pincer he noticed the misery of the slaves in the States. He equivalentd America but did not like the slavery system. So when he became the chairperson of America he abolished the ugly system and established democracy. Thus, he did some noble thing to keep up the prestige of his c ountry.So he is a true patriot. India is also proud of being the motherland of great patriots like Rana Pratap, Shivaji, M. K. Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose. History is full of praise for these figures. They dedicated themselves to the cause of their skinny motherland. M. K. Gandhi gave up his personal interest and struggled for the interest of our country. Nelson Mandela of South Africa is also a true patriot. A patriot is different from a politician.A politician shows no genuine love for any idea or for his country. Of course, patriots often satisfy in politics. But they do not play dirty politics. Today, legion(predicate) touts and politicians claim that they are patriots. But in their activities they are antinational. They give mystifying shelter to terrorists. Their main aim is to reap some selfish receive for themselves. A true patriot never advertises. Patriotism is much different from narrowness.

Does Democracy Ensure Freedom Essay

Does nation ensure pardondom? I believe body politic washstand ensure independence, but not always, thus my answer is maybe. For state is a form of presidency that rely on a strategy of law of nature in which individuals are treated equally while having jolly access to the legislative process through electing appointed who forget make believe in their constituents worry and voice their concern. Through neat protection with legislation, individuals freedom arsehole be ensured. provided the nature of democracy favour majority thus it is possible for politician to cater to the mass to pimp balloting and fork out access to the put of power.Democracy is unable to act if the votes are tied, such(prenominal) flaw digest leads to politician abuse their power tilting the result either way to provided his own goal. If elected official no longer voice the world yet game the system by continue to appease the majority, minority good and freedom can not be ensured. Government in the end objective is to govern the people for the betterment of people, thus democracy reflects the submit for it is form of government allowing peoples voice being comprehend through the elected officials. Each voters vote run and the majority trumps.Elected official then go on come about laws that regulation that resolves the populations concern. Such fair access to the legislative process and equality before law ensure the population to be protect, the law are made by them and for them, protecting their freedom and rights. unless democracy also follow majorities rule. It is possible for 49% of population to brook out entirely because of the 2% difference. Yet if rights are cemented fully protected via charters, even minorities can escape such tyranny. Unfortunately, elected officials can not always complete reflect the desire of the entire population.They are at shell incomplete projection if not catering to special interest or simply the mass for the syst em favours the majorities, and once tied vote occurs. The decision will lie solely on those in power. For a few(prenominal) individuals to be able make decision that influence a nation, such power can be attractive if not lucrative, for there is demand and it is not hard to imagine such corruption taking place. once a politician is no longer serveing the voter but himself, without becoming check and balance for the government to self correct such mistake.It is to limn minorities right and freedom being sacrificed for the corrupted official to stay in power. The key all hinges on the soundness of said democracys legal system, if a government official have the power to bowdlerise laws, taking international rights and freedom as he pleases. The freedom can not be ensured. Yet, with a beseeming procedural fair legislative system, the inbuilt checks and balance will stop said corrupted official overstepping his position. The electoral system will kick in which official will be r eplaced if they do not deliver what is expected off them.With a solid charter of rights, even minoritys innate rights and freedom can be protected against majorities for the inalienable rights protect each of us and allow us to maintain the dignity we all possess. Freedom is the opinion that verges upon the condition in which individual live their life accord to their free will. For they make their own choices without facing disabling condition nor the pressure of simply fulfilling the basic necessities of life. We choose how we present ourselves to the world and how we communicate our idea and thoughts.We determine on how to live our life, from our goal to our means of achieving said goals. Yet these decorous innate right are in fact fragile and vulnerable. The nature of government impose rules and regulation with our daily life. Our freedom is merely conditional, for we can only exercise our right and freedom to a certain extent. As matter of fact, our right and freedom can be taken away by the same law that protect our rights and freedom. But that is the truth of reality, freedom without bound is impossible. The physicality of reality impose restriction, scarcity of recourse and mortality rate of men.Civilization dictates rules from punishment of crimes to shame and guilt through morality. Thus government, a form of rule, can not truly ensure freedom for its conditional and with limits. Men has long realize such limitation, yet we still yearns for such notion for we are driven by our free will and we look to create such system for we are protected from not safe each others but ourselves own infringement of rights and freedom. Democracy is still our best attempt at this unrealistic dream, the approach is simple, for a system of law made by people for people. We strive to effectively govern ourselves and keep back our right and freedom.It is understandable to treat the question does democracy ensures freedom ? in an bifurcate manner. It is easy to sta te the fact that democracy is simply ragtag and bobtail rules thus two wolves can vote having the sheep for dinner against the one lone(prenominal) sheeps objection. Yet it seems silly to categorize a whole countrys population into a predator/prey relationship, not to call having a sound legal system in which inalienable rights of military personnel beings are guaranteed can indeed prevent the two wolves ganging up on the sheep, minorities can still be sufficiently protected by law if the charter of rights allows.Further more, freedom can only be secure via proper system of law that protect human right and freedom, types of government should not be the deciding matter for ensuring freedom. As the above paragraphs have shown, democracy either ensure nor deny freedom, while there is no true freedom under any form of government for by definition of government, restriction and restraints are naturely imposed upon individuals. I still opine limited conditional freedom preferable to n one for my inalienable right are protected even against the tyranny of majorities for this rights are inalienable.While democracy can allow favour toward the majorities and official in position of power, with proper checks and power established within the government, such issue can be self corrected. But without the legal safenet, minorities can easily been swapped up by politicians agenda and sacrificed to the tyranny of majorities. As a partying thought, if no form of government can achieve true freedom, what is the future of democracy with our society?

Observation of a Infant/Toddler

Dawnetta Tipton Infant and Toddler Development 10/18/2012 Fall Semester 600pm 905pm Infant Toddler Observations Karen Eaton Dawnetta Tipton OBSERVATION appointment Name Dawnetta Tipton Date 10/2/2012 prison term 500pm age of peasant 9 calendar months gray-headed This observation took place in the babes grandmother home. Her name is Laila and she is a 9 months ageing and she is a bright dinky girl with pretty black hair and she had 3 ponytails with hair bows and barrettes.I was invited everyplace by the childs grandmother we keep back been friends since high school. We were sitting in the Living manner of the house, the grandmother and I were sitting on the sofa which was black and gray and Laila was performing on the spirit level where her grandmother had placed a big blanket which had the sketch character of the Angry Birds. There were baby toys placed on traumatize such as a stuffed animal, red and yellow rattle, orange get room. The blinds were open and the sun s hining in bright on the break up white walls.There was a black computer desk and chair sitting in the corner of the dungeon room with a screensaver showing a count on of my friend and her family. My impression of Laila was that she was a bright 9 month experient child who was very alert and aware of her surroundings. She interacted with me and her grandmother, she kept a grin on her b dodderyness and disturbede noises and she gave us kisses. She is learning to walk so she went from one end of the sofa to the other end magic spell prop on to the cushions on the sofa.She is very friendly and did not bid while I was there visiting with her grandmother. This child will not be ignored, if she sees that you are not paying her any attention she will toady over to you and pull up on your pant leg so that she good deal get the attention desired. Dawnetta Tipton Childs Actions 302pm Laila started to squall while sitting on the floor, her grandmother picker her up from the floor a nd asked her whats wrong granny baby? , are you hungry and the prognosticate became louder, she fixed her a bottle of milk and she stop crying when stipulation the bottle. 07pm Laila is laying on her grandmother while drinking her bottle of milk, she is gazing up looking at her grandmother while we were having a conversation. 312pm Laila gestured for her grandmother to put her down on the floor by stretching her luggage compartment out and she was placed onto the blanket that had been placed on the floor with the toys on it, she picked up the browned teddy bear and started to play with it. 317pm Laila crawls over to me and pulls on my pants until shes stand up, she put her manpower up gesturing for me to pick her up and I picked her up, she began to play with my earrings and laughs out loud. 22pm Laila sat on my lap and played with my silver necklace which had a blue sapphire pendent while I talked with her and she was all smiles. 327pm Laila reached out for her grandmother a ft(prenominal) playing with my necklace became boring to her and her grandmother reached out for her and she was smiling and she gave her a cockeyed kiss right on grandmothers lips. Dawnetta Tipton 332pm Laila pose her head onto her grandmother chest and closed her eyes, about 4 legal proceeding later she was fast asleep. Name Dawnetta Tipton Date 10/2/2012 Time 1pmAge of Child 1 year 10months This observation took place in the childs home. Kylan is a 1 year and 10 month sure-enough(a) little boy who is brown skinned with a short clever little afro, hes wearing a black & amp gray Nike jogging suit. In the vitality room his 3 former(a) siblings were present and also his mother. The room was very well kept, there was a red and blue toy box in the corner of the room which contained several different toys kept in it for kylan. There was a brown and tan sofa, loveseat and chair, 40 inch television with a playstation system plugged into it.In which his siblings were sitting on the floor playing a basketball game. The living room walls were beige with a brown border going virtually the top of the entire wall with seashells as the print. The carpet was dark brown and fuzzy. My impression of Kylan was that he was very agile, hes always on the move doing something. He went over to his toy box and pulled out a small blue toy patrol car, he plays with it for about 3 minutes and then goes over to the sibling chum salmons to try and take the ascendency away from the crony closest to the television.Big sidekick tells him No you too little to play the game and he gets mad and tries to scratch crony face with his left hand. He then Dawnetta Tipton proceeds over to his mother altitude up both hands for florists chrysanthemum to pick him up and she does, he starts trying to talk with mom and hes smiling and gesturing her hands to his face to play the game Peek-a-Boo. This child receives all the attention he needs from his mother and brothers. Childs Actions 2pm Kylan is walking around the living room playing with a little orange basketball, tossing the ball from me to his mom. 04pm Kylan forthwith tosses the ball at his 6 year old brother who gets mad and tells mom his little brother is bothering him while hes playing the game, mom tells him to stop, he laughs and runs in the back bedroom. 206pm Kylan is straightaway standing by moms bed and tries to hide when I come in the room, he comes out of hiding and runs pass me back into the living room and jumps up in mom lap and start hugging her neck. 211pm Kylan jumped down from mom lap and starts playing with his blue toy police car, starts to bring about noise as saying Vroom-Vroom. 13pm Kylan sits on his older brother lap so that he can help big brother play the game, he is now laughing and all excited his brother let him help him play the basketball game. Dawnetta Tipton 220pm Kylan gets up from his brother lap and walks into the kitchen and tries to open the refrigerator, his mother c omes into the kitchen and ask him Are you thirsty and he nods his head yes and she gets his sippy cup out and he proceeds to drink his juice. 224pm Kylan climbs up on the sofa and sits down staring at the encounter of Spongebob on his cup, he looks at me and smile.Mom put in a videodisc of sesame Street and he proceeds to watch the show. 230pm Kylan has now laid down on the sofa still watching his Sesame Street DVD while playing with his feet. My comparison of the 2 children ages 9 months old and 1 year 10 months old was that both were active children. Both had a lot of energy, and kept busy. The 9 month old was fitting learning how to walk and the 1 year 10 month old had been walking since 11 months old. The 1 year 10 month old is more vocal than the 9 month old, he can say some words and the 9 month old could make noises and sound.The 1 year 10 month old could show mom that he was thirsty and the 9 month old could only cry to signal to grandmother that she was thirsty. The 1 y ear 10 month old could climb on the sofa where as the 9 month old could only gesture for someone to pick up and place onto the sofa. I feel these 2 children were pretty much similar to what they could do just that the 1 year 10 month old was little more advanced in completing the things he wanted to do where as the 9 month old needed assistance from someone.

From the Madding Crowd Essay

However, when he first-year met Bathsheba he c all in alled her names like lady and miss. The way that troy treats nates after his relationship with Bathsheba shows that in retrospect, troy weight did in some ship canal love ass. Ironically, we see this the most after lavs expiration when troy gets a tombstone for back tooth and plants flowers on her grave, but the situation that the water from the gargoyle could wash away the flowers so easily, could signify how fickle Troy is and how easily his affections for Fanny were to a fault washed away.Earlier on in the novel when Fanny comes to see Troy at the barracks, Troy does not realise that it is Fanny, his fianci?? standing outside his window 5What girl ar you? , He 6doesnt quite recollect that he promised Fanny they would join, until now though he said lots of times that he would hook up with her. This shows how he doesnt think of the penalty of his words. Fannys awed relationship with Troy could hasten been used to predict the consequences of his relationship with Bathsheba.Similarly, the incident that in the few times that Fanny appears in the novel, she is in a gloomy and dreary atmosphere which was dooming her to death with descriptions like 7A heavy kept crust of cloud stretched across the sky, shutting out every lead of heaven. Her appearance in these depressing environments was a prediction to her press release away. Secondly, she is used to show the on-key nature of Troys disposition, and bring out this as he is in a relationship with Bathsheba until Bathsheba herself realizes Troys true nature in finding Fanny. once her affair has been carry out for Hardy, he kills her off because she has reached the characters limitation and isnt need in the story any to a greater extent. This same meeting also exposes Troys cowardice and shallowness, and is a turning point in the novel, as if he had at this point admitted to Bathsheba his connection with Fanny or even that this woman was Fan ny Robin, Bathshebas missing servant, then Fannys death and the following events could have been avoided.Thirdly, Fanny is also involved with the character of Gabriel Oak and brought his character out in the way Fanny borrows notes of him and Gabriel gives it to her, she brings out generosity in him and that he is caring. Hardy then shows Gabriel to be kind from the heart to the character Fanny and others when he rubs off and baby bird off the coffin lid, this is so we can see that Gabriel cares about Bathsheba universe happy with Troy and tries to protect her from the truth.Her life is controlled by fate and jeopardy and this shows how her function for Hardy extends beyond the plot and the development of other characters. sine qua non plays a big part and is a key part of the plot line in the role of distant From the Madding Crowd. The first time she is include as a fate icon is when Boldwood reads Fannys garner but it was intended for Gabriel this fate causes a description of Troy and the saving together of the two rivals over Bathsheba, who are Gabriel and Boldwood but dont realize they are both in love with the same person.It is also fate that Fanny confuses the two churches so Troy doesnt marry her and it is by chance that she meets him outside the church and he replys to her plead to forgive her with You fool, for so fooling me But say no more. But if he really loved her he would forgive her. Once again there is more fate involved with the character Fanny Robin where Troy has been looking for Fanny but re-encounters her when its in any case late and Troy has married Bathsheba.The chance has been enrolled in Fannys role, this is when Troy keeps a lock of Fannys hair and Bathsheba finds it by chance and she gets jealous, this causes extreme arguments between Bathsheba and Troy and gives Bathsheba a clue to Fannys identity. Hardy seems to evoke pity when he describes Fannys last journey (her death from child birth) with a description of a hostile background and a dog that is helping her, this is her only chum but even that gets stoned off and adds more pity to derrieres case.Her death is also to go with the contrast of a dramatic death of troy. The irony to her death is that she has more effect on the characters than when she was alive. Fanny Robin has a minor role in the novel Far From the Madding Crowd however the sense cannot be said about the conditional relation of the character Fanny Robin. The reason for why Hardy introduced this character is to have impact on various main characters. She is a pivot in the novel and she causes the main key storyline changes.Yet she has a deeper role in the novel as a symbol for Hardys statement about the 19th century men and how they treated the workings class girls. It is only when the question What is the significance of the character, Fanny Robin in the novel Far From the Madding Crowd? is viewed from a variety of angles that there is a true answer presented. If Fanny were no t in the novel, it would be more difficult for Hardy to emphasise the discrimination against women at the time, as well up as creating tension and suspense in the plot and highlighting the true nature of other characters, especially Troy.Therefore, a reader would not be as aware of the irony surrounding her role and so would not realise how her presence in the novel helped Hardy to show all these parts. 1 Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd Penguin Publications, 1985, (Page 135) 2 Ibid, (Page 54 55) 3 Ibid, (Page 336) 4 Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd Penguin Publications, 1985, (Page 366) 5 Ibid, (Page 137) 6 Ibid, (Page 137) 7 Ibid, (Page 322 ) 1 Jordan Daniels 11. 5 Matthew Moss high School.

Business and Consumer Protection in Islam

Modern line of work is a very(prenominal) complex reality. Many factors influence and determine the strain action mechanism. Among other organisational factors managerial, scientific technological and socio-cultural-political, the business complexity of social activities, business with the complexities of juvenile society. For social events, business in many ways intertwined with the complexities of modern society. all told told the factors that make up the complexities of modern business has been frequently studied and examine through a scientific approach, especially in economics and coun dole outing theory (K.Berdecades 2000).In the myth of modern business business mountain are required to be professional people in his field. They down the skills and business skills beyond the average person, he should be able to collection that performance is above average business performance amateur. Whats interesting is non only about the performance aspects of the business, mana gerial, and technical organizations alone that alike about the ethical aspects.Performance becomes prasarat business success also involves a moral commitment, moral integrity, discipline, loyalty, unity of moral vision, service, attitude give precession to quality, respect for rights and interests of relevant parties concerned (stakeholders), which over time get out cultivate into a business ethical motive in a company. Conduct an just Prophet transparent and generous in doing business behave is the bring out to success in managing the business Khodijah ra, is a concrete example of the morality and ethics in business. (Http//uika-bogor. ac. d/doc/public/etika% 20bisnis% 20islam. pdf)If we trace the history, the faith of Islam seems a favorable view of affair and economic activity. Prophet Muhammad was a merchant, and the religion of Islam spread primarily through the Muslim traders. In the Quran on that point is a warning against the misuse of wealth, but non prohibited from seek wealth by lawful means (QS 2 275) Allah has made trade and prohibits usury. Islam puts barter activity in a very strategic prepare in the center of human activity seek sustenance and livelihood.This empennageister be seen in the words of the Prophet Muhammad Pay tending by all your trade, real commercial world it is nine out of ten the door of sustenance. Dawam Rahardjo precisely suspect Weber thesis on ethics of Protestantism, which cites business activities as a human responsibility to graven image quoting from Moslem teachings. The following business activities that are prohibited in sharia 1. Avoiding business transaction that is prohibit in Islam. A Muslim must be committed to interact with things that are made lawful by Allah SWT.A Muslim businessman should non be doing business in the things forbidden by sharia. And a Muslim businessman claimed to always do the faithful business and society. Business, food is not halal or kosher not contain ingredients , liquor, drugs, prostitution or all of which relate to the world of effervescent like night clubs discotic cafe where mixing of men and women accompanied by a stomping songs, treats and drinks and the food is not kosher Other (QS Al-Araf 32. QS Al Maidah 100) is a business activity that is forbidden. 2. Avoiding how to obtain and use property is not kosher.The practice of usury is miserable to be avoided, Islam prohibits usury with severe threats (QS Al-Baqara, 275-279), while forged transactions are very closely related to the business that is not transparent such as gambling, fraud, violated the trust so it will most likely harm. Hoarding of money to turn off the economic consumption to be enjoyed by others and the narrow space of business and economic activity is a disgraceful act and being rewarded to the most severe (Sura At-Tauba 34-35). scanty and a waste of money for purposes that are not useful and drive out all the excesses.All properties are prohibited because it is a trait that is not wise in the use of property and contrary to the commandment of God (Surah Al Araf 31). 3. Unfair competition is denounced by God as mentioned in the Quran surat Al-Baqarah 188 Do not you eat most of the treasure of you in a falsehood. Monopoly also includes unfair competition Prophet denounced the act was Whoever is doing consequently he is guilty of monopoly, A wholesaler was given sustenance by God as for someone who did that accursed monopoly. Monopoly done to gain merchandise control by preventing the other players to compete in various ways, much in ways that are not laudable goal is to memahalkan bell for these entrepreneurs have a huge advantage. Prophet said Someone who deliberately do something to memahalkan price, Allah will promise to the throne made from the Fire afterward in the day of Judgement. 4. Forgery and fraud, Islam strictly prohibits falsifying and deceptive because it can cause harm, injustice, and can lead to hostility and strife .Allah says in Surah Al-Isra 35 And entire measure when ye measure, and weigh with a right balance. The Prophet said If you sell it you shall not deceive people with sweet words. In the modern business at least we see in ways not praiseworthily by some businessmen in its product offering, which is forbidden in Islam. In essence, the consumer contains a very broad sense, as expressed chairperson of the United States, John F. Kennedy, Consumers by definition include us all (By definition, all of us including the consumer). (Shidarta, 2000 2).Consumer Protection Act No. 8, 1999 Chapter I, article 1, military issue 2, the consumer defines as, Every person users of goods or services that are available in the community, both for the interests of self, family, others, as well as other creatures and not for trading. (Government of the Republic of Indonesia, 1999 5) Consumers in the economic laws of Islam are not limited to those SAJ war, but also includes a legal entity (al-syakhshiyy at al-manawawiyyah), such as barowments or foundations of received companies and institutions. Islamic economic laws there is no difference amidst the end user with a medium user. Muslim jurists did not distinguish between goods kondumsi property, goods production, and intermediary goods, as contained in the general economics. This brings the influences on consumer definitions that must be protected in Islam because in Islam, including consumer goods all users, whether the goods were use directly, so exhausted, used as a tool for intermediaries to further prosuksi justice belongs to everyone, whether he is domiciled as individuals, groups or the public.Advances in technology and the development of economy and perdangangan volume demanding especial(a) supervision of the risks that might arise from the use of certain products. Poor environmental conditions caused by business actors in general, should also get serious attention because every living being is a consumer of the enviro nment. Muhammad, 2004 180) In Islam there are five things that must be kept kemaslahatannya become key design of sharia (al-necessities al-repertoire), the religion (al-din), reason (al-aql), descent (an-NASL), and property ( al-mal), while some Islamic jurists there is also adding to the al-ardh (honor), but according to honor the actor is already covered in the custody of al nafs (soul).When associated with the risk caused by defective products or irresponsibility of a product, the main objectives of the fifth yag more focused on guarding the soul, mind and wealth. Muhammad, 2004 181) However, if the risk of such usage caused by negligence of producers, then this should be linked also with the theory of financial obligation contained in this kejahatab jinayah in Islamic Jurisprudence. In theory the responsibility of Islamic Jurisprudence crime, crimes and violations that occur on human rights can not be invalidated by reason of mistake, not intentional acts. Therefore, the per petrators of these acts must adopt the loss of property or life with fines that have been determined shariah.

Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland

Imagine living in a nettled world, where hoi polloi lived their day to day lives praying that they would see the next sunrise. That was life for villagers that lived during the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans, as well as during the medieval period when Germanic tribes ruled Europe. To help them get through their real insecure days, people would tell oral stories of great heroes, like those of Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland. Achilles was a Greek con xd hero who fights in the Trojan War, a ten year persistent war between Greece and Troy ( give way day Turkey).Aeneas was an epic hero in ancient Roman folklore. He was a soldier who fought in the Trojan War and after surviving the destruction of Troy, he later founded the urban center of Rome. Roland was an epic hero of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present day France. All three of these heroes played vital roles in vainglorious strength and hope to the peoples of their respective cultures. The Illiad was an epic written by a Greek poet named Homer. It takes place in the last days of the Trojan War. Achilles was an organic disassemble of the war.He helped raise the Greek soldiers moral, he was an excellent zep and swordsmen, and he killed Hector, who was the leader of the Trojan forces and son of the King of Troy. It is state that Achilles was one-half man and half god. He is the offspring of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and the sea houri Thetis, who had dipped her infant son in the river Styx, thus making him unconquerable except for the hell by which she held him. In the epic, Homer gave Achilles many world characteristics, including revenge, anger, and love.He even gave him many challenges to overcome. In the beginning of the war, he did not fight because of an affront to his honor that angered him. However struck with ruefulness when his de arst fri terminal Patroclus is killed by Hector, he in revenge joins the war. exterminate-to-end the Illiad, this male protagonist is on a quest to reconc ile selfhood and common responsibility. After killing Hector, Achilles shows his humanity by sparing Priam, the King of Troy, when he sneaks in to the Greek camp.He even grants the kings request by bounteous back his dead sons body, so that he brush aside have a proper burial. He could have killed Priam and ended the ten year long war, however he chose to act on computable virtue and morals and that showed his humanity. Aeneas, the Trojan born epic hero in Virgils Aeneid, was Romes mythical founder. His father was Prince Anchiseses, who was the second full cousin of the King of Troy, King Priam. His mother was Venus, the god of love, beauty, and procreation.Like Achilles, Aeneas was in any case part god, part man. His mission was to gather any survivors from Troy and take them on a journey to Italy, where he will establish the city of Rome. On his journey however they end up settling in Carthage where he meets and has a long affair with the beautiful Carthaginian princess, Did o. While in Carthage, the messenger god, Mercury, leaves Aeneas a message. The message was to remind him to leave Carthage and proceed to Italy and end his love affair with princess Dido.Despite the fact that he loved Dido very much, his Stoic sense of duty overcomes his desire for in the flesh(predicate) fulfillment. That is the characteristic of a true hero. He told Dido that he never asked for any of what happened. He said if he had his way, he would be watching over the city of Troy, and feel for for his people. Also, Priams palace would still be standing. The last thing he tells her was that he goes to Italy not because he wanted to. He was asked by the paragons to move to Italy and he will not fail the duties that are installed for him.That is what makes him a pious man. Roland, the last of the greatest epic heroes, was the nephew of Charlemagne, a Frankish chieftain who was crowned by the pope as Emperor of the Romans. In The Song of Roland, Roland was described as a very modest unless arrogant man. He said that he could strike great blows to the pagans with his sword, Durandel. In the story, he faced the challenge of halting the Muslim invasion of France. The Saracens were the Muslims incursive France.He was described as a model medieval hero, because he was a natural Christian leader who was sent on a holy war to stop the Muslims from invading and converting France. He was a overlord Frenchman, who died at the hand of power and land hungry, Islamic forces. At the end of the story, it is said that he died while he was chasing away the pagans. To this day, in the twenty-first century, homo sapiens still write stories about heroes that will only them and society. The number one characteristic that describes a hero is one that has a Stoic sense of duty that tush overcome the desire for personal fulfillment.Achilles, Aeneas, and Roland were all created to create personal comfort for their people that lived in such(prenominal) a hectic and dangerou s world. These three protagonists who were viewed by their cultures as gods also showed their people that they did portray human characterists (two out of the three even die) and that anyone can be like them if they tried. In a way they were used to glorify their respective residents to be better civilians in their community. If everyone could follow that, than living in a turbulent world would go from reality to fiction.

Dante’s Inferno Essay

Dantes conflagration is the or so well-known and influential work of the 13th century. Dantes hellhole is not a simple story of his transit through Hell. He depicts Hell with a very vivid picture and description. Dantes sanatorium is one part of the Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy contains very naturalistic and frank concepts of the politics, religion and floriculture of Italy in the late thirteenth and untimely the fourteenth centuries. This paper develops the just about salient governmental, cultural, and theological pieces of Dantes Inferno, what he wants to tell about his values through his volume, and how the book represents western European Mediterranean culture around 1300.In this time period, Italy was in political funny house. It lacked a stable and secure government. Further more, on that point were competing political factions and turmoil. In these degraded circumstances, Dantes represents the political universal gravitational constantght of the European nations in his book Inferno. The most salient political element of Inferno is the competing political factions in Italy. During his journey in the book Inferno, he criticizes the political factions in Italy many times. As he says, From there downward he is all of chosen iron, scavenge that his right foot is of baked clay, and he stands erect on that more than on the other.(Canto XIV) The right foot of baked clay represents the turpitude of the church by political factions.Moreover, Dante overly thinks that the birth of rebellion was political factions, too. harmonise to the book, he states, But that ungrateful populace aggrieve which descended from Fiesole of old, and smacks yet of the plenitude and the rock, go out hate thee because of thy good deeds and this is right, for among the bitter sorb trees it is not fitting the sweet fig should bear fruit. (Canto XV) This phrase, Ungrateful populace malign which descended from Fiesole of old, represents the Fiesole slew who set tled down in Florence (Firenze). Dante thought that the Fiesole was the cause of political factions in Firenze. In addition, the bitter sorb trees means the political faction in Firenze and the sweet fig represents Dante himself. Dante thinks all of the political corruption came from the political factions. According to his thought, political factions be regarded as a ugliness in Hell. For example, Dantes political foe placed in the fifth part level, the wrathful level. He is very excited to see his political enemy being punished and moreover Dante wants him to be punished more harshly.As he says, Master, it certainly would make me happy to see him dunked deep in the slop just once onward we leave the lake it truly would(Dante 140, Canto VIII). He was a member of the political faction oppositeness Dante, the Black Guelphs. As you see, Dante hates political factions in Florence. He frankly criticizes political factions in his book. The most salient cultural elements in Dan tes Inferno are Roman-Greco usances, doctrines, and culture. Roman-Greco culture is the key element in Dantes Inferno. He borrows many stories from Roman-Greco mythology. In Inferno, Roman-Greco traditions and beliefs are very significant for leading the story. For example, the idea of evil and the localize of sinners are all from Roman-Greco culture. Furthermore, Zeuss mythology is in Inferno, too. The most major theological element in Dantes Inferno is the concept of the belief in the Holy Trinity. Firstly, the existence of Hell is an element of the Christian tradition.The belief in the Holy Trinity concept informs the construction of Hell. in that location are cabaret spreads in Inferno. 9 is the Holy act in Christianity. In the Inferno, 9 Concentric deals are the fundamental structure of Hell. Dante uses numbers 1,3,9(3), 10,(31), 100(10). There are three animals, 100 Canti Jesus. Among the numbers 10 is the perfect number in Christianity. Dante may want to express the heaven after the nine ropes, thus heaven will be the tenth circle. In addition, there are many references to the Bible and Christian theology. For example, in the First hardening of Hell, there are pot liquor of those who lived virtuously but without Christianity. Dante thinks that the lack of Christianity is alike a sin. The good Master to me, Thou dost not ask what pot liquor are these that thou seest. Now I would have thee know, before thou goest farther, that they sinned out and if they have merits it sufficeth not, because they had not baptism, which is part of the faith that thou believest and if they were before Christianity, they did not duly worship God and of such as these am I myself. (Canto IV). by dint of Dantes Inferno, there are Nine slews in Hell. According to the Nine Circles in Hell, we can study the culture and guild aspects in the thirteenth century through the gravity of the offence. The Nine Circles are divided by the gravity of the offence.The Firs t Circle is for people who placed in Limbo such as virtuous pagans, the Second Circle to the Fifth Circle Lust, gluttony, greed, and anger. The Sixth Circle is for heretics, the seventh represents violence, the eighth circle exists for people who commit sin of fraud and the Last Ninth Circle is for people who commit malice or treachery. According to the each circle of sins in Hell, we assume that heretics, violence and fraud treated heavily in the thirteenth century. Not only the gravity of the offence in the thirteenth century, but likewise we can see the society aspects from Dantes Inferno. by dint of the book, we can guess that the simony prevailed in the thirteenth century. For instance, there were spirits in Hell who perpetrate simony. Furthermore, the popes status brocaded and it became very powerful in Europe compare to before the thirteenth century. As he says, but already the time is longer that I have cooked my feet, and that I have been thus upside down, than he wil l stay planted with red feet for after him will come, of uglier deed, from westward, a shepherd without law(Canto XVIII) This phrases represent of the Clement V who will come from Avignon.Avignonese enslavement is an hap that Clement V moved the Vatican to the Southern part of France. This incident signifies that the popes status raised and it was really powerful as much as he could move the Vatican. Lastly, the most important liaison to Dante through the book is an act of treachery. Through Dantes Inferno, he do the last circle of Hell for people who commit treachery. It is because he was afeard(predicate) of the temptation of treachery. He dearly wanted to go back to his townspeople at that time. However, if he goes back to his town, he had to take a opposite political party who exiled Dante from his hometown. It means that he commits treachery to people who followed him. He would not want to commit treachery to people who supported him. Thus, through the book, he articulate s his value that he would not commit treachery to people who followed him. Not only the determination of the act of treachery to Dante, but also he completes the definition of the God in Hell and understands about the structure of Hell through the book, Inferno.In conclusion, the most salient political element of Dantes Inferno is competing political factions. Because of troubled circumstances in Italy in the thirteenth century, Dante hates about the competing political factions and he thinks that all causes of political chaos in Italy is competing political factions. The cultural element in Inferno is Roman-Greco tradition, beliefs culture. Through the book, Dante borrowed many stories from Roman-Greco tradition culture. For example, the order of sinner and the concept of evil were borrowed from Roman-Greco tradition culture. Furthermore, a mythology about the Zeus is one of the examples of Roman-Greco beliefs. Theological element of Dantes Inferno is the belief of the Holy Tri nity by using numbers such as 1,3,9,10,100. Also, he borrowed and used references to the Bible and Christian theology. We also can guess the culture and social aspect in 1300. At that time period, simony prevailed all over Europe and the popes status was very powerful. Through the book, Inferno, Dante wants to articulate his thought of treachery. He determines that he would not commit treachery because of temptation by his own desire. Dantes Inferno was the most experimental work in the thirteenth century. His book implies political, religious and cultural elements in the thirteenth century.

Danger, Death, Boredom and Reporting from Iraq Essay

The warfare in Iraq is arguably the ab forth significant countersign tosh of our metre a harsh show of bloody violence that has dragged on for six geezerhood and claimed thousands of civilians and foreigners lives. Unfortunately, it is perhaps the more or less underreported war at least in certain inside story aspects due(p) to the danger that its bloody violence poses on journalists. It is not easy to be a news reporter in Iraq. man many of them make a doughty attempt to penetrate the well-nigh good turfs and report the significant story, only a few of them manage- and live to tell the tale.As the war progresses, foreigners majority of who atomic number 18 journalists- redeem increasingly extend the prime patsy of the militia. For years, Iraq has been ranked by the Committee to nurture Journalists as the deadliest place for the media to work in worldwide- and the figures ar telling. As of 2007, a wide of 133 media support workers and journalists had lost their li ves 83% of them locals who were link up to the Western media. Fast forward to 2009 and the figures be likely to be senior higher than that.The most disturbing fact about these deaths is that the journalists ar not hapless victims caught in a cross fire but are actually the tar impersonates of these attacks. While some journalists, particularly those embedded in the US and British armies are killed in combat, murder body the leading cause of death for journalists in Iraq (Ricchiardi, 2007). Cockburn (2007) has noted that due to the difficulty set about by journalists in unearthing and inform the current story, it is easy for politicians to say anything they want, usually to their utility and get away with it since the truth cannot be established.This is very frustrating for journalists since they cannot verify the real situation on the ground without risking their lives essentially they cannot do their work. The main reason why journalists squander become the prime targ ets is because they are regarded as spies out to collect postulate for the enemy camp. Unfortunately, the nature of the journalism bargain requires them to actually be in the field of battle where the crossfire is taking place and to constantly bankrupt themselves to danger in an attempt to get an inside story.Thus they have been felled by bullets, roadside bombs, rockets or they have been kidnapped for ransom. round of those kidnapped have ended up universe beheaded. Undoubtedly, urgent steps have to be taken to protect the lives of journalists. Some media houses have taken great lengths to protect their correspondents by offering them tight security sequence on the ground but up to now then, it is not a guarantee that they are fully protected and an ambush is eer lurking somewhere.Thus other media companies have pulled out altogether with some opting to use local correspondents who stand a slightly discover chance of security than their foreign counterparts (Cockburn, 2 007). The Iraki war started in earnest and for months on end dominated the newsrooms as outstanding events such(prenominal) as the capture and exploit of Saddam Hussein unf oldered. However, even the most sensational story loses its luster with time and the Iraq war is no exception.Having dragged on for years and with no end in sight, it tardily slipped into oblivion as journalists tired of reporting the same old bloody story and the public grew numb to the coverage. A study by the Project of Excellence in Journalism reveals falling Iraq news coverage, 24% to 1%, by cable networks. impress media have also reduced coverage, from 457 stories colligate to Iraq as of September 2007 to 49 as of March 2008. Clearly, interest in the Iraq coverage seems to be declining.This has been attributed to several factor such as the danger faced by journalists in Iraq, declining budgets in the face of high maintenance costs for Iraq correspondents, competing stories and war fatigue (Ricchiard i, 2008). Personally, I tired of following the Iraq war coverage quite a period back. This is because there is nothing new. Day in day out, we listen to the same old bloody story and sadly, we have become used to it. With no end in sight, I have had found myself allow go of the Iraq war and shifting instruction to other events. Maybe it is time for the U. S government and its army to do the same.

Global Outlook Global Free Zones of the Future 2012/13

spherical vista world-wide excuse ZONES OF tHE succeeding(a) day 2012/13 planetary giving regulates of the coming(prenominal) day 2012/13 Winners fDi MAGAZiNES SEcONd globular RANkiNG OF EcONOMic ZONES HAS AwARdEd duBAi AiRpORt foreswear ZONE tHE titLE OF international FREE ZONE OF tHE emerging 2012/13. Grainne Byrne ANd Courtney FinGar REpORt ON tHE RESuLtS 20 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 orbicular observatory global FREE ZONES OF tHE incoming 2012/13 D ubai drome lighten order (Dafza), dictated in the United Arab Emirates, has been crowned fDi powder stores world(a) escaped order of the Future 2012/13. It has moved from number bewilder in the ranking both age ago to be awarded the tallness spot.Dafza, which was formal in 1996 and considers itself to be the fastest developing forego order in the shopping centre East, impressed the independent judging table for a variety of reasons. It has excellent back breaker links and a clear st eering on attracting FDI. The regularize only registers hostile companies, and has to a greater extent than 1300 operational presently. Dafza has an increasing environmental aw beness and is implementing green buildings and an Inter field Organisation for Standardisation energy solicitude system. Second position goes to UAE-based Dubai International monetary Centre, a in the buffcomer to the ranking.Chinabased Shanghai Waigaoqiao redundant Trade district (WFTZ), the champion from the 2010/11 ranking, moves into third indue. The keepder of the sort out of the inning 10 is make up by Iskandar (Malaysia), DuBiotech (UAE), Tanger bounteous regulate (Morocco), openport of Ventspils (Latvia), The Clark Freeport order (Philippines), Chittagong Export impact partition (Bangladesh) and Dubai Media City (UAE). As strong as being overall fDi Global Free regulate of the Future 2012/13, Dafza takes the top spot in the protrudematch drome govern category. It is followed b y Tanger Free regularize and The Clark Freeport govern.The top three in the Best Port regularize category is direct by Tanger Free partition, with Freeport of Ventspils placed second and Mauritius Freeport draw close in third position. governs from the heart and soul East in particular the UAE henpecked the rankings, with 23 of the top 50 geographical zones coming from the oculus East percentage and 14 of them from the UAE alone. This is the second much(prenominal)(prenominal) ranking produced by fDi magazine publisher, with the inaugural Global Free Zones of the Future biennial benchmark being print in June 2010. June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com 21 t GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE succeeding(a) 2012/13 op 50 FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 OVERALL flagrant bod of regulate couNtRy We take hold make plans for intricacy in the future, to correcttually stimulate other 1500 companies to the dubai airport big Zone dr mohammed al Zarooni 22 www . fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11= 11= 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37= 37= 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Dubai airport Free Zone dubai international Financial centre Shanghai waigaoqiao Free trade Zone iskandar duBiotech tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils the clark Freeport Zone chittagong Export processing Zone dubaiMedia urban center JLt Freezone katowice supererogatory stintingal Zone dubai Silicon Oasis Mauritius Freeport Bahrain international putment park khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Lodz Special scotch Zone Bahrain international Airport Aqaba Special scotch Zone twofour54 (Media Zone Authority, Abu dhabi) walbrzych Special frugal Zone dubai international Academic metropolis dubai Healthc atomic number 18 city Rakia Economic Zone dahej Special Economic Zone dubai studio apartment city El paso international Airport dubai knowledge Village Bahrain Logistics Zone reticular a ctivating system Al khaimah Free trade Zone Montreal port Aqaba international industrial estate of the realm Astana New city Special Economic Zone pomeranian Special Economic Zone klaipeda Free Economic Zone Starachowice Special Economic Zone Sheffield city Region Enterprise Zone industrial Free Zone togo SEZ Alabuga Free Zone pirot international Media production Zone Zagreb Free Zone dead Sea ripening Zone &038 Jabal Ajloun process Zone pole star international industrial park Birmingham city centre Enterprise Zone expert industrial development Zone Skopje 1 &038 2 Southeast-Ecka, Zrenjanin Freeport of Riga Rezekne Special Economic Zone Authority ae uAE china Malaysia uAE Morocco Latvia philippines Bangladesh uAE uAE poland uAE Mauritius Bahrain Bahrain Oman poland Bahrain Jordan uAE poland uAE uAE uAE india uAE uS uAE Bahrain uAE canada Jordan kazakhstan poland Lithuania poland uk togo Russia Serbia uAE croatia Jordan Egypt uk Macedonia Serbia Latvia Latvia Secrets of succes s The world-beating Dafza has set ambitious targets for expansion and diversification and made a pane to hedge against potential challenges presented by the global economic climate in the go around to medium term. It has excessively kept a careful eye on the bulky term. Speaking to fDi in his Dubai offices in January 2012, the Dafza director-general sketch plans to offset the prospects of a slowdown in its core investor markets of europium and the US, while also increasing the zones positioning as a contri simplyor to the emirates GDP. The next expansion will be in the next twelvemonth, Dr Mohammed Al Zarooni verbalise. We ad umpire made plans for expansion in the future, to all the sametually bring another 1500 companies to the Dubai Airport Free Zone, because we baffle space for that and we can inflate. In the adjacent term, the goal is to attract 600 to 700 additional companies in the next basketball team or sixer old age in line with Dafzas rate of growth in the 15 years since its inception, which has seen it modal(a) 100 new companies each year. With Dafza currently based on a 700,000-square-metre site, it is hoping to expand eastwards this year, with a view to occupying a 100,000-square-metre leasable area. We commence already attracted 1450 companies, said Mr Al Zarooni. The intention is to further accession that number, while keeping an eye on the quality of investments, he added.While keen to proceed the important role of the European companies in Dafza, which account for 37% of the businesses present, Mr Al Zarooni cadaver aware of the need to diversify the dethaw zones economic partners as it expands. The majority of our clients are from Europe and they are facing a lot of problems, but that doesnt mean we are release to stop, he said. We are thankful we brought umpteen companies in last year from Japan. This year our focus will be on the Far East Singapore, South Korea, Hong Kong, GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 dubai international airport is main office to dubai airport disembarrass Zone, which achieved first place in the global excess Zones of the future 2012/13 ranking, as hygienic as the leading airport zone top five trump out AiRpORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 5Dubai airport Free Zone tanger Free Zone the clark Freeport Zone Mauritius Freeport Salalah Free Zone Bahrain international Airport uae Morocco philippines Mauritius Oman Bahrain Japan, China and even India, in case we face slightly difficulty in bringing in more companies from Europe, America and Australia. Serving a variety The push for diversification is a mark of numerous of the worlds more triple-crown zones, according to pile Ku, managing director of Indev Partners, who served on the judging table that helped assess the participating zones for the rankings. The some successful zones are either alter zones with home plate or highly specialise zones cater to a specific industry, he says. crowing diversified zones get to been able to invest in infrastructure and notch a wide range of amenities, such as ready-built factories that provide flexibility to investors. The large surface required to attain economies of outdo for such developments have meant that nearly of the top zones are in the rapidly developing Middle June/July 2012 www. fdiintelligence. com East and Asian countries where land is comparatively easier to acquire. Specialised zones have been used most effectively in Dubai, where investors can have access to unique amenities such as laboratories or high-speed communications. Mr Ku sees the free zone model continuing to have relevance, especially in the current economic climate. Almost all of the zones continue to offer significant tax holidays and fiscal incentives. It highlights that even in a time when budgetary constraints and fiscal austerity are at the forefront, it will be hard for governments to scale back such incentives if they wi sh to remain globally competitive, he says. Chairman of the populace Free Zone Convention (WFZC) whole meal flour flour Mather, who served on the judging panel, has also highlighted the critical role that free zones can capriole in helping the global frugality through difficult times. Addressing the 11th the most successful Zones are either diversified Zones With scale or highly specialised Zones catering to a specific industry James Ku t 25GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 tanger free Zone is strategically located near to the tanger-med port and is rated the vanquish port zone and sixth best overall free zone top five BESt pORt ZONES RANK NAme of zoNe couNtRy 1 2 3 4 5 tanger Free Zone Freeport of Ventspils Mauritius Freeport khalifa Bin Salman port Salalah Free Zone Morocco Latvia Mauritius Bahrain Oman WFZC event in Shanghai in November 2011, he said free zones have much to offer at a time when the world is desperately quest job creation, economic gro wth and development ahead of an anticipated downturn amid a worsening eurozone crisis. Free zones are bring out to the worlds search for growth, he added.Citing a World Bank call for analysing the eudaimonias of free zones, which include the ability to put on unemployed labour, raise skills and productivity levels, and give taxes from inception, Mr Mather said these are among the reasons why umpteen countries are returning to the free zone model or newly encompass it as a way out of economic troubles. All areas of the world could pull in from free zones and they all need them, he said. zonal marking Eastern Europe was well represented in the rankings, and judge John Worthington of IBT Partners was among those bullish on the expanses offerings. Having worked closely with numerous European economic zones, IBT Partners can say from birth that the high quality of infrastructure and large net income of all forms of pointation is something that sets European economic zones ap art from those of other regions, he says. With world-class airports, road, railway and port systems strategically clustered in various hubs across the continent, companies who are wait oning to expand their logistics network in Europe are systematically impressed with the efficiency and practicality of its transport systems. fit to fDis survey, all the European free zones featured in this list are highly all areas of the World could benefit from free Zones and they all need them graham mather 26 t www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 the Waigaoqiao free trade Zone in shanghai is ranked third best free zone of the future affable and possess well developed transport infrastructure. Asias zones are, of course, not to be overlooked. With the highest average levels of education among emerging economies, Eastern economic zones have at their disposal a labour force with one of the highest skill-to-cost ratios, resulting in mas sive influxes of FDI into China and s o u t h e a s t A s i a , s ay s M r Worthington. At different stages of transition between primary, tributary and tertiary sectors, these are attractive regions for a wide range of industries. India, China, Singapore and the Philippines, in particular, are regarded as zones of fast growth and attraction, which is reflected by the huge increases in avocation in he bygone two years in their respective economic free zones. African zones, many of which look to the successful Middle Eastern zones as models, have lagged behind but many are now showing promise. The industrial Free Zone of Togo was the lone sub-Saharan mainland African zone to make the top 50. Due to their comprehensive list of fiscal and non-fiscal incentives, low levels of regulatory restrictions, and rapidly modify standards of living, African free zones are adequate increasingly attractive FDI destinations. Those in Morocco and Mauritius, in particular, couple this with a st able political and economic structure, making them highly worthy destinations. It is worth men- ioning that the Tanger Economic Free Zone of Morocco boasts an impressive increase of 20,000 employees in the past two years, says Mr Worthington. A booming region of the world, South America, has been far behind the cut back in using free zones as a path to development, as well as in promoting the zones it does have to the world. This is reflected in the poor participation of zones from this region in the benchmarking study. None were cited in the top 50 list. Two North American zones, meanwhile, made the cut. John Hanna, managing director of GDP Global Development, also served on the judging panel, on with fDi editor Courtney Fingar. n October/November 2007 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012 28 GLOBAL OutLOOk GLOBAL FREE ZONES OF tHE FutuRE 2012/13 skandar in Johor, malaysia, is ranked stern in the global free Zones of the future 2012/13 JuDGiNG pANeL couRtNey fiNGAR Editor, f Di Magazine More than 600 free zones across cxx countries were invited by fDi Magazine to complete a survey requesting both qualitative and methodological analysis quantitative data regarding their free zones. The development collected was set under five categories incentives, facilities, cost-effectiveness, transportation and best FDI promotion. A keep down of 56 zones submitted details regarding many aspects of their zones and this was judged and scored by an independent judging panel. JohN hANNA Managing director, gross domestic product Global development JuDGiNG cRiteRiAGeneral entropy Totalsize Totallandavailablefordevelopment Expansioninlandareainthepasttwo years and/or plans for expansion in the next two years Totalofficespaceavailable Totalemployment Increaseinemploymentinthepasttwo years Numberofbusinessesoperatinginthe zone Totalvolumeofgoodsprocessedinthe zone Increaseintotalvolumeofgoods processed in the past two years Percentageofinvestorcompaniesthat expa nd their presence in the zone Anyrestrictionsforsettingupinthe zone inCentives Typesofincentivesoffered Descriptionoftheincentivesoffered including any requirements for eligibility Administrativeservicesofferedtoassist investors FaCilities Keyeconomicandindustrialsectors supported by the zone Rangeof storefacilities,industrial units, logistics and office spaces available Amenitiesofferedtohelpinvestors Costs Annualaveragerentalcostofindustrial facilities, warehouse space, office space, undeveloped land, condominium and others (per m? ) Averagecostperunitofwatercosts(per m? ), electricity costs (per kw/hr) and gas costs (per m? Annualaveragecostoflabourfor unskillful worker, semi-skilled worker and highly skilled worker transportation Presencewithinzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other Presencenearzoneofairport,port, major motorways, railway or other Descriptionofanymajorplanned infrastructure projects proMotion outline Website Digital/webpromotionac tivities undertaken to create interest in the zone Othermarketing,communicationsor promotional activities undertaken Methodsusedtoidentifypotential investors, and strategy for approaching and engaging them Thezonesmarketingslogan/brief summary of its pull in Statementfromzoneschiefexecutive, director or president on his or her vision for achieving the zone bountiful Fdi potential serviCes *asked of services zones Descriptionofservicesofferedby companies in the zone Telecommunicationandtechnology infrastructure Disasterrecoveryservicesofferedonsite Internetspeedoffered Availablelabourpoolandthe%ofwhich speak more than one language Officespaceavailability Majorplannedprojects JAmeS Ku Managing director, indev partners graham mAtheR chairman, world Free Zone throng JohN WoRthiNGtoN partner, iBt partners An additional set of nurture was sought from airport and port zones regarding their facilities and talent 30 www. fdiintelligence. com June/July 2012

Msc Strategic Marketing Assignment

1. Visit www. ameri flush toiletexpress. com to learn much ab bring out the varied separate that Ameri give the axe fetch passings. establish the tar fixate mart and positioning strategies for individually and suggest early(a) atoms that American nonplus a bun in the oven might be able to successfully sharpen (20%/630-770 words) American record manages a considerable diverseness of increases but their dining tables can be classified in two briny measure types if measures personal and note rallys. For to each whizz peak type they offer a massive range of different utilities and privilege and can be hitman divided in quest of reference and flush separate.The difference between the attribute and the efflorescence separate available in each category is that the acknowledgment bankers bills squawk the bill carrier at the obliterate of the month while the attempt wags hitch the card pallbearer instantly. The American express task model is aimed at a very particularize exchange premium node base, which frequently mystify commodious proceedings. As their customer base is narrow they atomic number 18 able to take into account a higher customer service of process than their competitors (pp). The curb bit score also holds a coarse cultural value.Because of the dirts positioning and corporate disfigurement being the owner of an AmEx automatically improves this persons role as opinion leader for the personal amicable root. Personal cards Card The range of personal curbing cards is knowing for personal use. The holder contributes an annual fee depending on their card and in return they get the corresponding American distill work. Generally such services include no planned spending limits and luxury rewards for collecting points.Other cobranded American exhibit cards such as the British Airways American designate card also offer excess spark off link advantages such as perish insurance or priority on waiting lists. (American express. com Target merchandise In comparison to some of its competitors such as Visa and outgocard, American express does charge for its services. This naturally pauses it away from these competitors and into a segment of its own. The invest trade of the personal check cards are high earning individuals, because they are high earners they are bidly to be individuals professionally hold roles of esponsibility. Their personality is extravagant, extrospective and exploring yet sophisticated lifestyle. Small job cards Card The belittled phone line card range is designed by American draw out to help small coursees manage their finances and reduce strain of running a chore. The card holder is expected to pay a occlusiveical fee and in return get the American Express services of no preset spending limit, the card can be ex angleed to other demarcation employees, access to airport lounges and a giving membership reward program.Target Market As the card types name suggests American Express targets small craftes segment with this range of cards. nevertheless they dont target the livelong of the small business segment. The card is designed for those businesses that regularly need to make compensations for business purposes. The co-branded American Express and British Airways card suggests that they are targeting businesses whose employees are frequently traveling and would like to centrally control their high society expenses. Missing segments,The animated range of curbing cards target the high write person and business that need to make large and regular payments. Though the product range can also be use online its mainly intend to be used offline with the physical card. m any another(prenominal) of to solar days payment transactions are made via the realism wide web of which services such as Pay Pal and Citadel EFT. These tertiary party services are sometimes considered to be unreliable and no include the excl usivity that American Express provides. This can carry on curbing users from using their bridle card online.An scoop shovel online payment service for AMEX users to provide payment services can increase the companys online front man and stimulate the cards use. 2. How has American Express been able to help consumers shift their position toward usage of the card? Is American Express pickings a proactive advancement to managing its merchandising environment? How? (20%/630-770 words) Shift of attitudes proactive in managing its selling environments? 3. Based on your knowledge of online buyer bearing provide a proposal for an effective e-marketing c adenylic acidaign for American Express, using thoroughly-disposed media Facebook, twitter, blogs etc.Critically establish different ways to rip and bear on consumers using different societal media in the UK market. To answer this you may choose any two appropriate models of consumer behavior. (20%/630-770 words) Currently Ame rican Express is present of the World wide Webs main social networks. On Facebook AMEX? s world(a) knave got 2. 7 Million who like them, they also have separate pages for each country they have commercial natural action in which on average tend to have some 7,000 likes each.The AMEX main Twitter account got 600K followers, on LinkedIn al or so 136,000 professionals are following the company and on YouTube they got 12,000 subscribers. American express also attempts to consort with small businesses and professionals finished with(predicate) offering business advice to them through blogs. In comparison American Express? s closest competitors pro Card and Visa two got 4. 5 million likes each on Facebook. On twitter Visa got 38,000 followers and Master Card 16,000. On Linked in MasterCard for 43,000 followers and Visa 48,000 and on YouTube constant of gravitation and 4000 subscribers respectively.Because of the niche market targeted by American express and the enormous reach an d hurly burly of the World Wide Web, planning a carefully targeted squeeze is of great immenseness to ensure the campaign is using resources efficiently. In their study Cap Gemini Ernst & Young (2002) found that modern day online consumers, when considering buying, are looking for the human set behind products and services, such as honesty, respect, hauteur trust and fairness behind the products they buy.Since American express has two card types and and then two target markets its lonesome(prenominal) uniform that the online marketing campaign also be divided to target the two markets separately. Since AMEX got two quite specific target markets the use of social networks is recommended. Social networks allow you to target users on a wide variety of demographic, psychographic, lifestyle information and interests supplied voluntarily by its users. American Express brand is virtually universal, and a single geographic market is quite small.Therefor it is suggested that it is better to boil down an e-marketing campaign, via social media, on a world(a) or regional scale than national. The online marketing campaign directed towards the private users go out focus on creating a ecumenical viral marketing campaign on the popular social networks. For a period of 45 days, using a designated app on the AMEX Facebook page, users can sneak in a lottery to win one of five dollar bill free Platinum American Express cards and an additional 2000. Users get out be able to increase their chances of winning one of these cards in multiple ways.The origin way would be though on a day-by-day basis first appearance the application and participating in a multiple choice quiz, for both plant daily an additional entry is formed. The daily quiz go out consist of questions related to the AMEX products and brand, designed to increase the knowledge about the AMEX products and aid the clear up positioning of the brand in the intellect of the consumer. The estimated m arketing costs for the target market of private users is approximately 17,000, and has a potence reach +1,000,000 resulting in a maximum price per impression of 0. 17, much to a greater extent efficient than the Facebook adds which recommend a charge of 0. 65 per click. Rivero, J. (2012) suggests that credit card marketing to consumers should be done where your consumers and their friends are respite out. This campaign attempts to do honest that to get potential new users enkindle in and reinforce the connection that existing consumers have with American Express through cultural influences. The people who have already like the American Express Facebook page testament be the ones kicking of the campaign by being the first ones to enter the draw.Then when they invite their friends to join they are seen as opinion leaders within their social group. Those who are really interested in winning will engage in the daily quiz elaborating their knowledge of the brand and its products and in turn also change over them into 2nd generation opinion leaders for their social network. Facebook users will also be able to increase their chances of winning by inviting their Facebook friends to enter the rival via the AMEX application. For every friend that they have invited and has also entered the rival they will also slang an additional entry.For the business segment of the American Express target market linked in will be used to gain the publics attention. This campaign will also take the shape of a competition but not a lottery. Entrepreneurs will be invited to submit nonplus up business proposals. After sign screening, through popular vote on from the linked in community the most popular idea will gain a three year riding horse of American Express experts, full financial support and of course the AMEX cards and benefits to get up the new business idea. This campaign focuses gaining new business customers through having them engage with the brand through LinkedIn .The social role that AmEx would be taking on, of financing the best business idea, should be interpreted by other users and business as an act of social jack ladder and an attempt to help the business world encouraging them to also use American Express for their business as they record they provide better and premium services to businesses. 4. Critically analyze and evaluate consumer and customer management practices adopted by American Express and how consumers react to individualized consumer-organization interaction. (20%/630-770 words) . Discuss potential trends in buyer behavior in the recognition Card market over the next ten historic period. grade companies in this sector which are responding good to the trends, and make recommendations how your company can modify the way it engages with current and potential customers. (20%/630-770 words) Innovations oneness of the main innovations shortly in the credit card market is the collide with to pay via smart phones. Syst ems are being certain to use a persons smart phone as a mobile wallet without having to take out a physical credit card. 0 percent of people expect that their smartphones will eventually replace cash and credit cards. (Farrell, B. M. , 2013) Mastercard, Visa and Paypal are already experimenting with this preference payment method though it must(prenominal) be mentioned that people or 35 or younger, are more inclined to use this innovation than the over 35? s. (Farrell, B. M. , 2013). Amex bought the online payment system service of process for $300 million in 2009 and launched its e-wallet service in 2011 (Pepitone, J. , 2011) in a chemical reaction to Visa and PayPal launching a connatural service first.The service is currently only available in the US (Johnson, A. R. , 2011) Since in many a(prenominal) emerging markets they are taking a technology leap, i. e. directly jump with the latest technology, there exists a practical possibility that they might also bring down th e credit card phase and move directly into having an e-wallet. American express could well establish their brand in these markets by providing e-wallet services as well as methods to accept e-wallet payments to local businesses. Competition,The standard credit card market is becoming arrant(a) and its becoming increasingly difficult to apply new customers or to make customers reverse credit card momentr. Card issues have to offer increasingly more incentives to attract new customers and retain exisiting customers. American Express has the advantage of having a unique brand within a select group of customers. But there are no restrictions for MasterCard or Visa to launch a cheap premium or platinum range in order to target and gain market share function in the heart of American Express? core business. Multi-Function cards. First Data can (2011) suggests that in Brazil Banco Bradesco and in France reference point Agricole have been offering a card type that has the ability to access both credit and debit accounts. But uncomplete have been considered a game changer. Multi-function cards are being increasingly evoke as consumers are starting to shift their preference to the debit card kind of of the credit card. This is partially related to the currently ongoing financial crisis.With shifting trends and no game changing alternative this will be a future point of focus for credit card issuers to successfully introduce a hybrid card of this type as long as the demand proves sufficient. Co-Branded Cards Some of American Express? s biggest competitors are teaming up with other large multinationals to offer exclusive co branded credit cards. For causa IKEA and VISA have launched the IKEA Visa card allowing consumers to finance their purchases for up to three years among other benefits.American Express already hs a co-branded card with British Airways but with competition becoming increasingly tougher it is likely that card issuers will also try to issue car ds via large multinational organizations. Bibliography Farrell, B. M. , 2013, non paying by smartphone? You soon will, many bet. The Boston Globe. Retrieved from http//www. bostonglobe. com/business/2013/03/20/payment-industry-executives-eye-mobile-future/XHi4XtUT9zkoloMd0m2biO/story. hypertext markup language First Data Corporation (2011) quaternary Important Trends Shaping the future of Credit Cards. Retireived from ttp//www. firstdata. com/downloads/thought-leadership/cc-trends-wp. pdf Johnson, A. R. (2011). AmEx Looks Beyond Credit Cards. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http//online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970204552304577112611696189378. hypertext markup language Pepitone, J. , 2011. American Express dives into mobile payment with Serve. Retrieved from http//money. cnn. com/2011/03/28/technology/american_express_serve/index. htm Rivero, J. (2012). 3 larger Trends in Credit Card Marketing. Retrieved from http//thefinancialbrand. com/22348/three-trends-in-credit- card-marketing/