Historical Foundation of Inclusive Education Essay

Based on the book of Teresita G. Inciong, Yolanda S. Quijano, Yolanda T. Capulong, Julieta A. Gregorio, and Adelaida C. Jines entitled Introduction To Special Education, it was during the year of 1902 and under the American regime that the Filipino children with disabilities were given the chance to be educated. Mr. Fred Atkinson, General Superintendent of Education, proposed to the Secretary of Public Instruction that the children whom he found deaf and blind should be enrolled in school like any other ordinary children. However, the country’s special education program formally started on 1907. Mr. David Barrows, Director of Public Education, and Miss Delight Rice, an American educator, worked hard for this program to be possible. Mr. Barrows worked for the establishment of the Insular School for the Deaf and Blind in Manila and Miss Rice was the administrator and at the same time the teacher of that school. Today, the school for the Deaf is located at Harrison Street, Pasay City and the Philippine National School for the Blind is adjacent to it on Polo Road. During the year 1926, the Philippine Association for the Deaf (PAD) was composed of hearing impaired members and special education specialists. The following year (1927), the Welfareville Children’s Village in Mandaluyong, Rizal was established. In 1936, Mrs. Maria Villa Francisco was appointed as the first Filipino principal of the School for the Deaf and the Blind (SDB). In 1945, the National Orthopedic Hospital opened its School for Crippled Children (NOHSCC) for young patients who had to be hospitalized for long periods of time. In 1949, the Quezon City Science High School for gifted students was inaugurated and the Philippine Foundation for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was organized. In 1950, PAD opened a school for children with hearing impairment. In 1953, the Elsie Gaches Village (EGV) was established in Alabang Muntinlupa, Rizal to take care of abandoned and orphaned children and youth eith physical and mental handicaps. In 1954, the first week of August was dec lared as Sight Saving Week. In 1955, members of Lodge No.761 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks organized the Elks Cerebral Palsy Project Incorporated and the First Parent Teacher Work Conference in Special Education was held at the SDB. In 1956, the First Summer Institute on Teaching the Deaf was held at the School for the Deaf  and the Blind in Pasay City. In 1957, the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) of the Department of Education and Culture (DEC) created the Special Education Section of the Special Subjects and Services Division. The components of the special program included legislation, teacher training, census of exceptional children with disabilities in regular classes, rehabilitation of residential and special schools and materials production. Baguio Vacation Normal School ran courses on teaching children with handicaps and the Baguio City Special Education was also organized in the same year. In 1958, the regional office of the American Foundation for Overseas Blind (AFOB) was opened at Manila. This foundation helped the DEC by providing consultancy services in the teacher training program that focused on the integration of blind children in regular classes and materials production at the Philippine Printing House for the Blind. In 1960, some colleges and universities started to offer special education courses in their graduate school curriculum. In 1962, the Manila Youth and Rehabilitation Center (MYRC) was opened. This center extended services to children and youth who were emotionally disturbed and socially maladjusted. In the same year, DEC issued Circular No.11 s 1962 that specified the â€Å"Qualifications of Special Education Teachers†. In 1963, the training of DEC teacher scholars for blind children started at Philippine Normal College. In 1964, the Quezon City Schools Division followed suit with the establishment of the Quezon City Science High School for gifted students. In the year 1965, the training program for school administrators on the organizations, administration and supervision of special education classes was started. In 1967, BPS organized the National Committee on Special Education. In 1968, the teacher training program for teachers of exceptional children was held at the Philippine Normal College for the next ten years and in the same year the First Asian Conference on Work for the blind was held in Manila. In 1969, classes for socially maladjusted children were organized at the Manila Youth Reception Center, the school for the Deaf and the Blind established in 1907 was reorganized into separate residential schools, and the Paaralan ng Pag-ibig at Pag-asa was established in San Pablo City. In 1970, the training of teachers for children with behavior problems started at the University if the Philippines. In 1971, DEC issued a memorandum on Duties of the Special Education Teacher for the blind. In 1973, the Juvenile and Domestic  Relations Court of Manila established the Tahanan Special School for socially maladjusted children and youth. In 1974, the First National Conference on the Rehabilitation of the Disabled was held at the Social Security Building in Quezon City. In 1975, the Special Subjects and Services Division was abolished. In 1976, Proclamation 1605 declared 1977 to 91987 as the Decade of the Filipino Child. In 1977, MEC issued Dept. Order No.10 that designated regional and division supervisors of special education programs. In 1978, the National Commission Concerning Disabled Persons, later renamed National Council for the Welfare of Disabled Persons through Presidential Decree 1509. In 1979, the Bureau of Elementary Education Special Education Unit conducted a two-year nationwide survey of unidentified exceptional children who were in school. In 1980, the School for Crippled Children at the Southern Island Hospital in Cebu was organized. In 1981, the United Nations Assembly proclaimed the observance of the International Year of Disabled Persons. In 1982, the Cebu State College Special High School for the Deaf, the Siaton Special Education Center in the Division of Negros Oriental and the St. John Maria de Vianney Special Education Learning Center in Quezon City were opened. In 1983, Batas Pambansa Bilang 344 enacted the Accessibility Law, â€Å"An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons b y Requiring Cars, Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other Devices.† In 1984, the Labangon Special Education Center Division of Cebu City and the Northern Luzon Association’s Heinz Wolke School for the Blind at the Marcos Highway in Baguio City were inaugurated. in 1990, the Philippine Institute for the Deaf (PID) an oral school for children with hearing impairment was established. In 1991, the First National Congress on Street Children was held at La Salle Greenhills in San Juan Metro Manila. In 1992, the Summer Training for Teachers of the Visually Impaired started at the PNU. In 1993, DECS issued Order No.14 that directed regional offices to organize the Regional Special Education Council (RSEC). In 1995, the First National Congress on Mental Retardation at the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City, the First National Convention in Deaf Education in Cebu City, and the First National Sports Summit for the Disabled and the Elderly were held. In 1996, the third week of January was declared as Autism Consciousness Week. In 1997, DECS Order No.1 was issued which directed the organization of a Regional Special  Education Unit and the Designation of a Regional Special Education Unit and the Designation of a Regional Supervisor for Special Education. DECS Order No. 26 on the Institutionalization of Special Education Programs in All Schools was promulgated. The First Philippine Wheelathon-a-race for Wheelchair Users was the main event of the 19th National Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation Week. In 1998, DECS Order No. 5 â€Å"Reclassification of Regular Teacher and Principal Items to Special Education Teacher and Special Schools Principal Item† was issued. The La Union Special Education Center was opened in the Division of La Union. In 1999, the following events took place: the Philspada National Sports Competition for the Disabled in Cebu City; issuance of the following DECS Orders No. 104 â€Å"Exemption of the Physically Handicapped from Taking the National Elementary Achievement Test and the National Secondary Aptitude Test†; No.108 â€Å"Strengthening of Special Education Programs for the Gifted in the Public School System†; No.448 â€Å"Search for the 1999 Most Outstanding Special Education Teacher for the Gifted†; and the Memorandum No.457 â€Å"National Photo Contest on Disability.† The following DECS Orders were issued: No.11 â€Å"Recognized Special Education Centers in the Philippines’; No.33 â€Å"Implementation of Administrative Order No.101 directing the DPWH, the DECS and the CHED to provide architectural facilities for disabled persons in all state colleges, universities and other pu blic buildings†; Memorandum No.24 â€Å"Fourth International Noise Awareness Day†; and No.477 â€Å"National Week for the Gifted and the Talented.†

Cadbury

Chocolate Consumers Feeling Guilty For The Wrong Reasons†¦ STUDENT NAME: SANA SHROFF STUDENT ID NUMBER: 4069231 Table of Contents i. Introduction ii. Summary iii. Objectives of research iv. Marketing and self-concept v. Motivational strategies vi. Cadbury and its decisions vii. Conclusions viii. Recommendations ix. references Introduction Cadbury has been upgrading its manufacturing facility in Australia since 2001 and has become one of the most popular confectionery brands and flavours in the world.Cadbury has a total of fifty per cent market share in the confectionary market, selling 50 % of the top 20 selling chocolate singles in the world. Cadbury is a market-oriented company, therefore its success relies on satisfying the needs and wants of its consumers. It is able to do so by constantly listening to its consumers and its ability of getting adapted to the constant changes in the environment. In response to these changes, Cadbury seeks to create new products, improve on its existing core brands and browse new ways to add value to those brands. SUMMARYThe given case study recognizes the unethical practices used by Cadbury using palm oil instead of cocoa butter in one of their products to cut down on their expenses. This activity of Cadbury therefore left its consumers and other environmental organisations (WWF) attacked. It tried to gain back their consumers trust by their high profile announcements of using the fairtrade logo very shortly for the Dairy Milk Brand in key global markets. Due to the negative response of customers, Cadbury decided to get back to its Cocoa-Butter only formulae and apologized for non-environmental friendly decision made by them.This report illustrates that with corporate governance, ethical behaviour is an integral part of every business (referring to Cadbury in this case). It outlines the key features of the case study and majors out in the marketing/advertising aspect of Cadbury. It also outlines the relevance of self-con cept to marketing and the connection between motivational strategies and consumer behaviour, with a brief conclusion on the case and separate recommendations for Cadbury.Unethical behaviour and lack of Corporate Social Responsibility may damage a firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to its stakeholders, whereas on the other hand, ethical behaviour and efficient corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH Chocoholics: * NZ confectionery market including seasonal products: $490m * NZ chocolate market including seasonal products: $315m * NZ block chocolate market: $100m * NZ Easter egg market: $28m Source: CadburyChocolate is believed to be a stress buster , energizing brainwaves and decreasing your stress level because it contains ingredients that cause the brain to release endorphins(chemicals that make people feel better) & serotonin(anti-depressant). This is why people hog on chocolates or other sweets when the y are angry or depressed. Chocolates therefore act a relaxing notion beneficial to your health. Research shows that the use of chocolates is on the rise global production of cocoa climbing up to 2% each year, reaching approximately 3 million tonnes.An anarchistic study by psychology professor Paul Rozin discovered that chocolates are eaten because of its taste. People eat chocolates because of its taste and its flavour. The activation your body gets every time you eat a chocolate provides feeling to your taste buds makes you come back for it again and again. Marketing & Self-Concept†¦ The principal marketing goal for large business organisations is to focus on the most profitable opportunities in global markets in their own product category and can take the form of quality or quantity or a mix of both.There is a simple logic behind gaining profit with value-by adapting the discernibility and volume in the global market, a business is at its best to provide its consumer with qua lity products accompanied by the best value for money. Another marketing aim is to provide innovation in products along with quality and price which will therefore help increase the volume of sales and market share. Innovation is an approach of being unique and different, an approach that every firm aims by developing their methods of conducting a business.This approach helps firms to stay ahead of the competition. It can be fulfilled by identifying the new opportunities, adapting to the new changes in the environment, assessing the market research information and eventually allocating resources to commercialise on those opportunities. A firm that can easily adapt itself to the changing business environment and the constant changes in its consumers’ perceptions, needs, wants and interests will be able to satisfy its consumers accurately with the most innovative products.The advancement of Cadbury’s Yowie in autralia elucidates these marketing strategies and provides a link between marketing and self-concept. This self-innovation by Cadbury has proven to be a successful product in children’s confectionery market in Australia. It even got voted as the best new confectionery product in the world in 1997 by the world’s grocery press. Yowie is a value for money, awakening and attracting chocolate product relating to a significant cause-the environment. This is how it exemplifies the innovation process from Cadbury of adding more value to a product in a socially fascinating way.This is how Cadbury has built its self-concept by providing its consumers with the benefits that they desire. Self-concept is significant for the study of consumer behaviour because most of the purchases made by the consumers are directly inclined by the image a particular firm has made of it. Marketers need to evaluate this approach of self-concept which will lead them to the development of more effective marketing programs. Compliance and consistency play an impo rtant role in establishing strong relations between self-concept, image of the firm and the final buying behaviour.Appropriate research, analysis and evaluation of the factors affecting the self-concept and their effects on consumer purchasing behaviour will provide more effective market strategic planning. Motivational Strategies The research done for this project shows that consumers do not evaluate the products very accurately & precisely which therefore makes it difficult for marketers to coherent their motivational drives. Consumer buying behaviour depends vastly on the exchange between the inner self and outer urge.Decisions made in the market are influenced by moral values, social relationships, cultural adherence & environmental conditions. We will now extend the list of ways for promotional strategies. there are various strategies used to attract consumers towards the brand and its products. Every consumer segment has its own individual motivation behind buying a particular product. The marketers therefore need to identify and isolate those strategies and perform their promotional activities. This makes it easier to target products and advertising in a more meaningful way to increase consumption.Referring to the given case, the food managers have also paid attention to two types of strategies to resolve motivational conflicts: * Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs * McGuire’s Psychological Motivations. These requirements play a significant role in predominance of consumer behaviour. Motivational conflict is an approach that deals with the colliding motivational drives of the consumers. Therefore here the product is used as a solution to such collision of drives. Maslow’s strategy has already been briefly examined in the given case, therefore we skip to McGuire’s Psychological Motivations.It is a classification system that organizes theories of motives into 16 categories which helps marketers to detach motives likely to be involved in various consumption situations. THE DIVISIONS OF CATEGORIES ARE: * Cognitive Preservation Motives: Identifies whether the brand has been performing well consistently. a. Need for Consistency b. Need for Attribution c. Need to categorize d. Need for objectification * Cognitive Growth Motives Includes self-control, variety, and difference of products and achievement of desires. a. Need for Autonomy b. Need for Stimulation c.Teleological Need d. Utilitarian Need * Affective Preservation Motives To reduce stress, express self-identity to others, protection of ego and need of reward. a. Need for Tension Reduction b. Need for Expression c. Need for Ego Defence d. Need for Reinforcement * Affective Growth Motives To increase self-esteem and develop mutually satisfying relationships with others. a. Need for Assertion b. Need for Affiliation c. Need for Identification d. Need for Modelling. According to McGuire ,these divisions would help to resolve the motivational conflicts of consumer buying a Cadbury.Cadbury and its Decisions†¦ Eventually, coming to one of the major hurdles of the case study i. e. , Cadbury using palm oil in its dairy milk product. Cadbury being a large family-owned business is the giant of New Zealand chocolate manufacturing and the 4th largest confectionery business in the world. Therefor it becomes the first of all brands to catch the attention of the general public. Consumers not only have high expectations out of Cadbury but they even enjoy Cadbury’s nature of reciprocating focus mainly on its consumers.But due to the flash of the palm oil incident, customers stopped buying chocolates in droves and The company lost its title of â€Å"New Zealand's most trusted brand. Cadbury taking the decision of trimming its chocolate block sizes by 50g and replacing the expensive ingredient called cocoa butter by the environmentally perplexed and tremendously cheap PALM OIL as a cost cutting strategy which was aspired to be a smart response to the on-going global recession but foolishly turned out to be a public relations hazard.As for the very first time, Cadbury did not target its consumers in this decision-making process and focused only on their own costs and profit, not its effectiveness. Palm oil is a pugnacious constituent and is one of the principal reasons for global warming and accelerated habitat extermination leading to the deaths of orange-tans in vast numbers and is also considered to be the â€Å"single biggest threat for the survival of orang-utans in the wild†. Abundant amount of the oil comes from the land where existing rainforests have been lacerated and conflagrated just to make way for Palm oil plantations.Consumers got even more excited on Cadbury’s use of palm oil even though there are so many manufacturers out there using palm oil in their products because they had blind trust over Cadbury, it inheriting its brand loyalty since so many years and suddenly they hear in the news next morning that the market leader of the confectionery industry †¦having the largest market share of all†¦the role model for all beginner manufacturers has set the wrong example and followed a non-eco-friendly practice of using palm oil instead of its traditional cocoa butter just to cut down on its raw materials expenditure.This is why Cadbury lost its consumer loyalty all of a sudden. Conclusion Cadbury finally lost against consumer pressure and announced that it has decided to go back to cocoa butter instead of the environmentally harmful palm oil. Cadbury New Zealand managing director Matthew Oldham said he was â€Å"really sorry† and that the decision was in direct response to consumer feedback, including hundreds of letters and emails. Therefore proving that Cadbury can never let down its consumers to make profit and that it is surely a market-oriented firm.Members of the nearly 3500-strong Facebook group ‘Take palm oil out of Cadbury chocolate bars' were jubilant at this news. Auckland Zoo director Jonathan Wilcken also congratulated Cadbury on their decision. Recommendations Cadbury needs to have more diversity in its product portfolio and use its profits in the needed areas of the business, for example-R;D, rather than depending only on its confectionery and beverage market. According to today’s lifestyle, due to rising obesity, more than half of the world has become diet conscious and is obsessed with healthy food and calories counting.Thus this is a threat for Cadbury affecting the demand for its existing core brands. New markets are an opportunity for Cadbury. In countries like China and India, where population is reaching the peak giving rise to consumer wealth and spending power, demand for confectionery products will also increase. REFERENCES * INTERNET * ARTICLES * NEWPAPERS * Peter Stimpson and Alastair Farquharson Cambridge International AS and A Level second edition. * Cambridge international IG business Courseboo k. Cadbury ANALYSIS ON CADBURY’S CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PRACTICE 1. 0Introduction The Cadbury story is a fascinating study of industrial and social development, covering well over a century and a half. It shows how a small family business developed into an international company combining the most sophisticated technology with the highest standards of quality, technical skills and innovation. (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Cadbury-527696. html) 2. 0Company Overview The Cadbury's company began life in a modest grocer's in the UK in the 1820s by Quaker, John Cadbury.The most popular item that he sold was cocoa, which made Mr Cadbury make chocolate. The success of this enterprise led John Cadbury and brother, called Benjamin, to form the Cadbury Brothers business, and in the 1850s they were awarded a Royal Warrant as producers for Queen Victoria, an accolade that the company still holds for the monarchy today. John Cadbury's sons Richard and George took over the company in the 1860s, an d five years later introduced a new way of pressing cocoa butter to form the essence of cocoa.They introduced a variety of different chocolates and began, for the first time to sell assortments in boxes that had attractive designs and pictures depicted on them. In 1905, the now iconic Cadbury's Dairy Milk was launched, which is now the company's flagship product. (http://www. blurtit. com/q4118850. html) 3. 0Mission and vision statement (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Cadbury-Schweppes-Versus-Coke-1151857. html) Company Background: Mission Statement:Our Core Purpose is: Working together to create brands people love. Vision Statement: Cadbury Schweppes is committed to growing responsibly. We believe responsible business comes from listening and learning, and having in place a clear CSR vision and strategy. It also comes from having the processes and systems to follow through and an embedded commitment to living our values. 4. 0Core Values Values: ? Clear Objectives ? Responsibilit y ? Openness and Integrity ? Quality ? Committed People ? Competitive Ability Simple Organisation ? Taking Advantage of Change These values are summarised in the behaviours they engender in our colleagues namely: ? Accountability ? Aggressiveness ? Adaptability 5. 0Logo 6. 0Colours The renowned name ‘Cadbury’ and symbolic purple are manifestation of high-quality sweetmeat according to mindset of the consumers. 7. 0Corporate communication based on type of stakeholders There are two types of -internal Employee engagement -external Website Brocures Promo 8. 0Recognition 9. 0Crisis

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Individual reflection on the module of system analysis Essay

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Operations management for creating competitive advantage Essay

Operations management for creating competitive advantage - Essay Example For instance, locations are first selected keeping in mind the country, then the region and lastly the site. Stakeholders, especially the shareholders are taken care of by maximizing the profits of the company and putting back profits in the betterment of the company only. Some of the recommendations that have been given are that of using mathematical techniques in choosing locations and the starting of slotting fees. The budget that will be used is to hire trained human resources and the huge costs for buying backward links that is suppliers. The innovative recommendation is that of using scent marketing. All in all, the company Tesco is practicing efficient operations management but there is always room for improvement, if they want to sustain their position of market leader. This case study is aimed at applying the theoretical side of the study of operations management to a real world company. Operations management is a very broad term and thus it incorporates within itself many various issues and activities through which an organization’s goods and services are changed and transformed from the inputs that were put to the outputs that are produced. It is about the various operations that are performed on the goods and services from the moment their production starts to the moment the customer receives it. In this report, Britain-based company Tesco has been aimed and its operations management activities have been analyzed. Recommendations on how OM activities can be improved have also been given. The report also evaluates the various financials behind the activities as well as the budget that may be required. The problem faced by Tesco is that of sustaining its market leader position. Competition from Sainsbury and other leading retail stores is a big threat for Tesco and it does not want to lose out on market share to these competitors. Thus, improving on operations management is one of the basic things that it can

Theory Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theory Research - Essay Example e research the social organisation theory and previous research that have been undertaken with regard to this theory, theories related to the social disorganisation discussed in this paper include the gang theory, the concentric zone theory, the cultural transmission theory and the differential social organisation concept. The Social disorganisation theory depicts that crime occurs as a result of failure by the society to organise its institutions, Assumptions of the social disorganisation theory on crime are that crime is caused by social factors, individuals in the society are unable to resist temptation and that the social structure in the society is unstable, according to the assumptions when crime occurs people blame the perpetrators and don’t blame on social disorganisation in the society, for this reason therefore it is almost impossible to identify the causes of crime. Robert Sampton (1997) developed the collective efficacy and social capital concepts, according to him collective efficacy referred to the maintenance of order in the society while social capital referred to the informal networks ties that exist in a society. He stated that a society must first achieve social capital in order to achieve collective efficacy, for this reason therefore he supported the social disorganisation theory by stating that modern societies lack social capital and therefore has not achieved social efficacy and this explains the existence of crime. The gang theory is also another theory that explains social disorganisation in the society. In this theory the various characteristics of gang behaviour include solidarity, shared traditions and cooperation. The theory depicts that gang’s start as groups and collected in certain areas of a society especially area between developed areas, for this reason the presence of gangs can explain the existence of high crime rates in certain regions. The concentric zone theory also explain the existence of crime due to social

The House in Zapote Street Essay Example for Free

The House in Zapote Street Essay Quijano de Manila is the pen name of Nick Joaquin. He started writing before the war and his first story, â€Å"Three Generations† has been hailed as a masterpiece. He has been recipient of almost all the prestigious awards in literature and the arts, including the National Artist Award for Literature in 1976. He was also conferred, among other recognitions, the Republic Cultural Heritage Award for Literature in 1961, the Journalist of the Year Award in the early 1960s, the Book of the Year Award in 1979 for his Almanac for Manileà ±os, the national Book award for several of his works, the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature, Creative Communication Arts (the Asian counterpart of Nobel Prize) in 1996, and the Tanglaw ng Lahi Award in 1997. Dr. Leonardo Quitangon, a soft-spoken, mild-mannered, cool-tempered Caviteno, was still fancy-free at 35 when he returned to Manila, after six years abroad. Then, at the University of Santo Tomas, where he went to reach, he met Lydia Cabading, a medical intern. He liked her quiet ways and began to date her steadily. They went to the movies and to basketball games and he took her a number of times to his house in Sta. Mesa, to meet his family. Lydia was then only 23 and looked like a sweet unspoiled girl, but there was a slight air of mystery about her. Leonardo and his brothers noticed that she almost never spoke of her home life or her childhood; she seemed to have no gay early memories to share with her lover, as sweethearts usually crave to do. And whenever it looked as if she might have to stay out late, she would say: Ill have to tell my father first. And off she would go, wherever she was, to tell her father, though it meant going all the way to Makati, Rizal, where she lived w ith her parents in a new house on Zapote Street. The Quitangons understood that she was an only child and that her parents were, therefore, over-zealous in looking after her. Her father usually took her to school and fetched her after classes, and had been known to threaten to arrest young men who stared at her on the streets or pressed too close against her on jeepneys. This high-handedness seemed natural enough, for Pablo Cabading, Lydias father was a member of the Manila Police Depatment. After Lydia finished her internship, Leopardo Quitangon became a regular visitor at the house on Zapote Street: he was helping her prepare for the board exams. Her family seemed to like him. The mother Anunciacion, struck him as a mousy woman unable to speak save at her husbands bidding. There was a foster son, a little boy the Cabadings had adopted. As for Pablo Cabading, he was a fine strapping man, an Ilocano, who gave the impression of being taller than he was and looked every inch an agent of the law: full of brawn and guts and force, and smoldering with vitality. He was a natty dresser, liked youthful colors and styles, decorated his house with pictures of himself and, at 50, looked younger than his inarticulate wife, who was actually two years younger than he. When Leonardo started frequenting the house on Zapote Street, Cabading told him: ill be frank with you. None of Lydias boy friends ever lasted ten minutes in this house. I didnt like them and I told them so and made them get out. Then he added laying a hand on the young doctors shoulder: But I like you. You are a good man. The rest of the household were two very young maids who spoke almost no Tagalog, and two very fierce dogs, chained to the front door in the day time, unchained in the front yard at night. The house of Zapote Street is in the current architectural clichà ©: the hoity-toity Philippine split-level suburban style—a half-story perched above the living area, to which it is bound by the slope of the roof and which it overlooks from a balcony, so that a person standing in the sala can see the doors of the bedrooms and bathroom just above his head. The house is painted, as is also the current fashion, in various pastel shades, a different color to every three or fou r planks. The inevitable piazza curves around two sides of the house, which has a strip of lawn and a low wall all around it. The Cabadings did not keep a car, but the house provides for an eventual garage and driveway. This, and the furniture, the shell lamps and the fancy bric-a-brac that clutters the narrow house indicate that the Cabadings had not only risen high enough to justify their split-level pretensions but were expecting to go higher. Lydia took the board exams and passed them. The lovers asked her fathers permission to wed. Cabading laid down two conditions: that the wedding would ba a lavish one and that was to pay a downy of P5.000.00. The young doctor said that he could afford the big wedding but the big dowry. Cabading shrugged his shoulders; no dowry, no marriage. Leonarado spent some frantic weeks scraping up cash and managed to gather P3.000.00. Cabading agreed to reduce his price to that amount, then laid down a final condition: after the wedding, Lydia and Leonardo must make their home at the house on Zapote Street. I built this house for Lydia, said Cabading, and I want her to live here even when shes married. Besides, her mother couldnt bear to be separated from Lydia, her only child. There was nothing. Leonardo could do but consent. Lydia and Leonardo were on September 10 last year, at the Cathedral of Manila, with Mrs. Delfin Montano, wife of the Cavite governor, and Senator Ferdinand Marcos as sponsors. The reception was at the Selecta. The status gods of Suburdia were properly propitiated. Then the newlyweds went to live on Zapote Street and Leonardo almost immediately realized why Lydia had been so reticent and mysterious about her home life. The cozy family group that charmed him in courtship days turned out to be rather too cozy. The entire household revolved in submission around Pablo Cabading. The daughter, mother, the foster-son, the maids and even the dogs trembled when the lifted his voice. Cabading liked to brag that was a killer: in 1946 he had shot dead two American soldiers he caught robbing a neighbors house in Quezon City. Leonardo found himself within a family turned in on itself, self-enclosed and self-sufficient — in a house that had no neighbors and no need for any. His brothers say that he made more friends in the neighborhood within the couple of months he stayed there than the Cabadings had made in a year. Pablo Cabading did not like what his to stray out of, and what was not his to stray into, his house. And within that house he wanted to be the center of everything, even of his daughters honeymoon. Whenever Leonardo and Lydia went to the movies or for a ride, Cabading insisted on being taken along. If they seated him on the back scat while they sat together in front, be raged and glowered. He wanted to sit in front with them. When Leonardo came home from work, he must not tarry with Lydia in the bedroom chatting: both of them must come down at once to the sala and talk with their father. Leonardo explained that he was not much of a talking: Thats why I fell in love with Lydia, because shes the quiet type too. No matter, said Cabading. They didnt have to talk at all; he would do all the talking himself, so long as they sat there in the sala before his eyes. So, his compact family group sat around him at night, silent, while Cabading talked and talked. But, finally, the talk had stop, the listeners had to rise and retire and it was this moment that Cabading seemed unable to bear. He couldnt bear to see Lydia and Leonardo rise and go up together to their room. One night, unable to bear it any longer he shouted, as they rose to retire: Lydia, you sleep with your mother tonight. She has a toothache. After a dead look at her husband, Lydia obeyed. Leonardo went to bed alone. The incident would be repeated: there would always be other reasons, besides Mrs. Cabadings toothaches. What horrified Leonardo was not merely what being done to him but his increasing acquiesces. Had his spirit been so quickly broken? Was he, too, like the rest of the household, being drawn to revolve, silently and obediently, around the master of the house? Once, late at night, he suddenly showed up at his parents’ house in Sta. Mesa and his brothers were shocked at the great in him within so short a time. He looked terrified. What had happened? His car had broken down and he had had it repaired and now he could not go home. But why not? You dont know my father-in-law, he groaned. Everybody in that house must be in by a certain hour. Otherwise, the gates are locked, the doors are locked, the windows are locked. Nobody can get in anymore!† A younger brother, Gene offered to accompany him home and explain to Cabading what had happened. The two rode to Zapote and found the house dark and locked up. Says Gene: That memory makes my blood boil my eldest brother fearfully clanging and clanging the gate, and nobody to let him in. 1 wouldnt have waited a second, but he waited five, ten, fifteen minutes, knocking at thai gate, begging to be let in. I couldnt have it! In the end the two brothers rode back to Sta. Mesa, where Leonardo spent the night. When he returned to the house on Zapote the next day, his father-in-law greeted him with a sarcastic question: Where were you? At a basketball game? Leonardo became anxious to take his wife away from that house. He talked it over with her, then they went to tell her father. Said Cabading bluntly: If she goes with you, Ill shoot her head before your eyes. His brothers urged him to buy a gun, but Leonardo felt in his pocket and said, Ive got my rosary. Cried his brother Gene: You cant fight a gun with a rosary!. When Lydia took her oath as a physician, Cabading announced that only he and his wife would accompany Lydia to the ceremony. I would not be fair, he said, to let Leonardo, who had not borne the expenses of Lydias education, to share that moment of glory too. Leonardo said that, if he would like them at least to use his car. The offer was rejected. Cabading preferred to hire a taxi. After about two months at the house on Zapote Street, Leonardo moved out, alone. Her parents would not let Lydia go and she herself was too afraid to leave. During the succeeding weeks, efforts to contact her proved futile. The house on Zapote became even more closed to the outside world. If Lydia emerged from it at all, she was always accompanied by her father, mother or foster-brother, or by all three. When her husband heard that she had started working at a hospital he went there to see her but instead met her father coming to fetch her. The very next day, Lydia was no longer working at the hospital. Leonardo knew that she was with child and he was determined to bear all her prenatal expenses. He went to Zapote one day when her father was out and persuaded her to come out to the yard but could not make her make the money he offered across the locked gate. Just mail it, she cried and fled into the house. He sent her a check by registered mail; it was promptly mailed back to him. On Christmas Eve, Leonardo returned to the house on Zapote with a gift for his wife, and stood knocking at the gate for so long the neighbors gathered at windows to watch him. Finally, he was allowed to enter, present his gift to Lydia and talk with her for a moment. She said that her father seemed agreeable to a meeting with Leonardos father, to discuss the young couples problem. So the elder Quitangon and two of his younger sons went to Zapote one evening. The lights were on in Cabading house, but nobody responded to their knocking. Then all the lights were turned off. As they stood wondering what to do, a servant girl came and told them that the master was out. (Lydia would later tell them that they had not been admitted because her father had not yet decided what she was to say to them.) The last act of this curious drama began Sunday last week when Leonardo was astounded to receive an early-morning phone call from his wife. She said she could no longer bear to be parted from him and bade him pick her up at a certain church, where she was with her foster brother. Leonardo rushed to the church, picked up two, dropped the boy off at a street near Zapote, then sped with Lydia to Maragondon, Cavite where the Quitangons have a house. He stopped at a gasoline station to call up his brothers in Sta. Mesa, to tell them what he had done and to warn them that Cabading would surely show up there. Get Mother out of the house, he told his brothers. At about ten in the morning, a taxi stopped before the Quitangon house in Sta. Mesa and Mrs. Cabading got out and began screaming at the gate: Wheres my daughter? Wheres my daughter? Gene and Nonilo Quitangin went out to the gate and invited her to come in. No! No! All I want is my daughter! she screamed. Cabading, who was inside the waiting taxi, then got out and demanded that the Quitangons produce Lydia. Vexed, Nonilo Quitangon cried: Abah, what have we do with where your daughter is? Anyway, shes with her husband. At that, Cabading ran to the taxi, snatched a submachinegun from a box, and trained it on Gene Quitangon. (Nonilo had run into the house to get a gun.) Produce my daughter at once or Ill shoot you all down! shouted Cabading. Gene, the guns muzzle practically in his face, sought to pacify the older man: Why cant we talk this over quietly, like decent people, inside the house? Look, were creating a scandal in the neighborhood.. Cabading lowered his gun. I give you till midnight tonight to produce my daughter, he growled. If you dont, you better ask the PC to guard this house! Then he and his wife drove off in the taxi, just a moment before the mobile police patrol the neighbors had called arrived. The police advised Gene to file a complaint with the fiscals office. Instead, Gene decided to go to the house on Zapote Street, hoping that diplomacy would work. To his surprise, he was admitted at once by a smiling and very genial Cabading. You are a brave man, he told Gene, and a lucky one, And he ordered a coke brought for the visitor. Gene said that he was going to Cavite but could not promise to produce. Lydia by midnight: it was up to the couple to decide whether they would come back. It was about eight in the evening when Gene arrived in Maragondon. As his car drove into the yard of this familys old house, Lydia and Leonardo appeared at a window and frantically asked what had happened. Nothing, said Gene, and their faces lit up. Were having our honeymoon at last, Lydia told Gene as he entered the house. And the old air of dread, of mystery, did seem to have lifted from her face. But it was there again when, after supper, he told them what had happened in Sta. Mesa. I cant go back, she moaned. Hell kill me! Hell kill me! He has cooled down now, said Gene. He seems to be a reasonable man after all. Oh, you dont know him! cried Lydia. Ive known him longer, and Ive never, never been happy! And the brothers at last had glimpses of the girlhood she had been so reticent about. She told them of Cabadings baffling changes of temper, especially toward her; how smiles and found words and caresses could abruptly turn into beatings when his mood darkened. Leonardo said that his father-in-law was an artista, Remember how he used to fan me when I supped there while I was courting Lydia? (At about that time, in Sta. Mesa, Nonilo Quitanongon, on guard at the gate of his familys house, saw Cabading drive past three times in a taxi.) I cant force you to go back, said Gene. Youll have to decide that yourselves. But what, actually, are you planning to do? You cant stay forever here in Maragondon. What would you live on? The two said they would talk it over for a while in their room. Gene waited at the supper table and when a long time had passed and they had not come back he went to the room. Finding the door ajar, he looked in. Lydia and Leonardo were on their knees on the floor, saying the rosary, Gene returned to the supper table. After another long wait, the couple came out of the room. Said Lydia: We have prayed together and we have decided to die together.† Well go back with you, in the morning. They we’re back in Manila early the next morning. Lydia and Leonardo went straight to the house in Sta. Mesa, where all their relatives and friends warned them not to go back to the house on Zapote Street, as they had decided to do. Confused anew, they went to the Manila police headquarters to ask for advice, but the advice given seemed drastic to them: summon Cabading and have it out with him in front of his superior officer. Leonardos father then offered to go to Zapote with Gene and Nonilo, to try to reason with Cabading. They found him in good humor, full of smiles and hearty greetings. He reproached his balae for not visiting him before. I did come once, drily remarked the elder Quitangon, but no one would open the gate. Cabading had his wife called. She came into the room and sat down. Was I in the house that night our balae came? her husband asked her. No, you were out, she replied. Having spoken her piece, she got up and left the room. (On their various visits to the house on Zapote Street, the Quitangons noticed that Mrs. Cabading appeared only when summoned and vanished as soon as she had done whatever was expected of her). Cabading then announced that he no longer objected to Lydias moving out of the house to live with her husband in an apartment of their own. Overjoyed, the Quitangons urged Cabading to go with them in Sta. Mesa, so that the newlyweds could be reconciled with Lydias parents. Cabading readily agreed. When they arrived in Sta. Mesa, Lydia and Leonardo were sitting on a sofa in the sala. Why have you done this? her father chided her gently. If you wanted to move out, did you have to run away? To Leonardo, he said: And you are angry with me? house by themselves. Gene Quitangon felt so felt elated he proposed a celebration: Ill throw a blow-out! Everybody is invited! This is on me! So they all went to Maxs in Quezon City and had a very merry fried-chicken party. Why, this is a family reunion! laughed Cabading. This should be on me! But Gene would not let him pay the bill. Early the next morning, Cabading called up the Sta. Mesa house to pay that his wife had fallen ill. Would Lydia please visit her? Leonardo and Lydia went to Zapote, found nothing the matter with her mother, and returned to Sta. Mesa. After lunch, Leonardo left for his classes. Then Cabading called up again. Lydias mother refused to eat and kept asking for her daughter. Would Lydia please drop in again at the house on Zapote? Gene and Nonilo Quitangon said they might as well accompany Lydia there and start moving out her things. When they arrived at the Zapote house, the Quitangon brothers were amused by what they saw. Mrs. Cabading, her eyes closed, lay on the parlor sofa, a large towel spread out beneath her. She has been lying there all day, said Cabading, tossing restlessly, asking for you, Lydia. Gene noted that the towel was neatly spread out and didnt look crumpled at all, and that Mrs. Cabading was obviously just pretending to be asleep. He smiled at the childishness of the stratagem, but Lydia was past being amused. She wont straight to her room, were they heard her pulling out drawers. While the Quitangons and Cabading were conversing, the supposedly sick mother slipped out of the sofa and went upstairs to Lydias room. Cabading told the Quitangons that he wanted Lydia and Leonardo to stay there; at the house in Zapote. I thought all that was settled last night, Gene groaned. I built this house for Lydia, persisted Cabading, and this house is hers. If she and her husband want to be alone, I and my wife will move out of here, turn this house over to them. Gene wearily explained that Lydia and Leonardo preferred the apartment they had already leased. Suddenly the men heard the clatter of a drawer falling upstairs. Gene surmised that it had fallen in a struggle between mother and daughter. Excuse me, said Cabading, rising. As he went upstairs, he said to the Quitangons, over his shoulder, â€Å"Dont misunderstand me. Im not going to coach Lydia. He went into Lydias room and closed the door behind him. After a long while, Lydia and her father came out of the room together and came down to the sala together. Lydia was clasping a large crucifix. There was no expression on her face when she told the Quitangon boys to go home. But I thought we were going to start moving your things out this afternoon,, said Gene. She glanced at the crucifix and said it was one of the first things she wanted taken to her new home. Just tell Narding to fetch me, she said. Back in Sta. Mesa, Gene and Nonilo had the painful task of telling Leonardo, when he phoned, that Lydia was back in the house on Zapote. Why did you leave her there? cried Leonardo. Hell beat her up! Im going to get her. Gene told him not you go alone, to pass by the Sta. Mesa house first and pick up Nonilo. Gene could not go along; he had to catch a bus for Subic, where he works. When Leonardo arrived, Gene told him: Dont force Lydia to go with you. If she doesnt want to, leave at once. Do not, for any reason, be persuaded to stay there too. When his brother had left for Zapote, Gene realized that he was not sure he was going to Subic. He left too worried. He knew he couldnt rest easy until he had seen Lydia and Leonardo settled in their new home. The minutes quickly ticked past as he debated with himself whether he should stay or catch that bus. Then, at about a quarter to seven, the phone rang. It was Nonilo, in anguish. Something terrible has happened in Lydias room! I heard four shots, he cried. Who are up there? Lydia and Narding and the Cabadings. Ill be right over. Gene sent a younger brother to inform the family lawyer and to alert the Makati police. Then he drove like mad to Zapote. It was almost dark when he got there. The house stood perfectly still, not a light on inside. He watched it from a distance but could see no movement, Then a taxi drove up and out jumped Nonilo. He had telephoned from a gasoline station. He related what had happened. He said that when he and Leonardo arrived at the Zapote house, Cabading motioned Leonardo upstairs: Lydia is in her room. Leonardo went up; Cabading gave Nonilo a cup of coffee and chatted amiably with him. Nonilo saw Mrs. Cabading go up to Lydias room with a glass of milk. A while later, they heard a woman scream, followed by sobbing. There seems to be trouble up there, said Cabading, and he went upstairs. Nonilo saw him enter Lydias room, leaving the door open. A few moments later, the door was closed. Then Nonilo heard three shots. He stood petrified, but when he heard a fourth shot he dashed out of the house, ran to a gasoline station and called up Gene. Nonilo pointed to the closed front gate; he was sure he had left it open when he ran out. The brothers suspected that Cabading was lurking somewhere in the darkness, with his gun. Before them loomed the dark house, now so sinister and evil in their eyes. The upper story that jutted forward, forming the houses chief facade, bore a curious sign: Dra. Lydia C. Cabading, Lady Physician. (Apparently, Lydia continued- or was made- to use her maiden name.) Above the sign was the garland of colored lights that have been put up for Christmas and had not yet been removed. It was an ice-cold night, the dark of the moon, but the two brothers shivered not from the wind blowing down the lonely murky street but from pure horror of the house that had so fatally thrust itself into their lives. But the wind remembered when the sighs it heard here were only the sighing of the ripe grain, when the cries it heard were only the crying of birds nesting in the reeds, for all these new suburbs in Makati used to be grassland, riceland, marshland, or pastoral solitudes where few cared to go, until the big city spilled hither, replacing the uprooted reeds with split-levels, pushing noisy little streets into the heart of the solitude, and collecting here from all over the country the uprooted souls that now moan or giggle where once the carabao wallowed and the frogs croaked day and night. In very new suburbs, one feels human sorrow to be a grass intrusion on the labors of nature. Even barely two years ago, the talahib still rose man-high on the plot of ground on Zapote Street where now stands the relic of an ambiguous love. As the Quitangon brothers shivered in the darkness, a police van arrived and unloaded quite a large contingent of policemen. The Quitangons warned them that Cabading had a submachinegun. The policemen crawled toward the front gate and almost jumped when a young girl came running across the yard, shaking with terror and shrieking gibberish. She was one of the maids. She and her companion and the foster son had fled from the house when they heard the shooting and had been hiding in the yard. It was they who had closed the front gate. A policeman volunteered to enter the house through the back door; Gene said he would try the front one. He peered in at a window and could detect no one in the sala. He slipped a hand inside, opened the front door and entered, just as the policeman came in from the kitchen. As they crept up the stairs they heard a moaning in Lydias room. They tried the door but it was blocked from inside. Push it, push it, wailed a womans voice. The policeman pushed the door hard and what was blocking it gave. He groped for the switch and turned light. As they entered, he and Gene shuddered at what they saw. The entire room was spattered with blood. On the floor, blocking the door, lay Mrs. Cabading. She had been shot in the chest and stomach but was still alive. The policeman tried to get a statement from her but all she could say was: My hand, my hand- it hurts! She was lying across the legs of her daughter, who lay on top of her husbands body. Lydia was still clutching an armful of clothes; Leonardo was holding a clothes hanger. He had been shot in the breast; she, in the heart. They had died instantly, together. Sprawled face up on his daughters bed, his mouth agape and his eyes bulging open as though still staring in horror and the bright blood splashed on his face lay Pablo Cabading. Oh, I cursed him! cries Eugenio Quitangon with passion. Oh, I cursed him as he lay there dead, God forgive me! Yes, I cursed that dead man there on that bed, for I had wanted to find him alive! From the position of the bodies and from Mrs. Cabadings statements later at the hospital, it appears that Cabading shot Lydia while she was shielding her husband, and Mrs. Cabading when she tried to shield Lydia. Then he turned the gun on himself, and its an indication of the mans uncommon strength and power that, after the first shot, through the right side of the head, which must have been mortal enough, he seems to have been able, as his hands dropped to his breast, to fire at himself a second time. The violent spasm of agony must have sent the gun a .45 caliber pistol- flying from his hand. It was found at the foot of the bed, near Mrs. Cabadings feet. The drama of the jealous father had ended at about half-past six in the evening, Tuesday last week. The next day, hurrying commuters slowed down and a whispering crowd gathered before 1074 Zapote Street, to watch the police and the reporters going through the pretty little house that Pablo Cabading built for his Lydia.

Is fake news journalism?

Is fake news journalism? Before we can answer the question, is fake news journalism, we must define journalism. Based on the Merriam Webster dictionary it is the collection and editing of news for presentation through the media: writing designed to appeal to current popular taste or public interest (2010). Based on this definition the answer is yes. Fake news is a certain type of journalism since it uses collects and edits news and presents it in way that appeals to the public. Fake news is journalism, but there are those who think it devalues true journalism. The reason people think this way is because the fake news influences their audience by presenting news facts in a comedic way. Also, the real news feels threaten because it is them that are fake by not divulging the entire truth on issues. An example of this was when Jon Stewart went on CNBC show. Stewart said. He then went on to show CNBC had repeatedly made mistakes in its reporting of the financial crisis, including when CNBC Mad Money host Jim Cramer said that investment bank Bear Stearns was fine only six days before it was saved from total collapse by a fire sale to JP Morgan Chase (OrganGrinder Blog. 2010). True news journalists do not like it when their facts are confronted or questioned to show the whole truth. So the real question should be is the fake news truly fake. Fake news commentators influence viewers by placing a comedic twist on it and fill a void of the real news. Take for instance CNN who is considered conservative who tends to lean towards the Democratic side. The Daily Show with Jon Stewart is through critical analysis and biting jokes at the expense of politicians and their media lapdogs (especially cable news) filling a critical void that has been completely ignored within the mainstream media (The Free Liberal. 2005). Fake news commentators have been around for a long time. Back in the eighties and nineties there was Bill Maher hosting Politically Incorrect and Dennis Miller for the Dennis Miller show. Both comedic journalists attracted a huge following by demonstrating liberal views. Both people took liberal views of politics, religion, and other issues with applying a comedic twist to them. They turned the tables politically by revealing hidden or unmentioned facts that the politicians and news did not mainstream. Due to the mainstream of controversy Bill Maher was canceled for specific remarks he made after 911 and the military took offense to them. Fake news may be more real after all. The only reason there is so much hype about it is because the comedic hosts attract and influence huge audiences. Real news broadcasters feel threatened from this type of news due to liberal agenda being presented and the facts that are revealed which has some truth to them. The fake news mainstreams influential information through the media to reach the public and provide them with controversial issues being presented from a totally liberal view. References Merriam Webster, (2010). Journalism definition. Retrieved on February 7, 2010 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/netdict/journalism OrganGrinder Blog. (2010). When the daily shows fake news becomes real journalism. Retrieved on February 7, 2010 from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/organgrinder/2009/mar/13/jon-stewart-cnbc-daily-show The Free Liberal. (2005). Is fake news better than real news. Retrieved on February 7, 2010 from http://www.freeliberal.com/archives/001056.html

Training And Development In Hrm Management Essay

Training And Development In Hrm Management Essay The Tesco is one of the recognized supermarkets in the UK and being dominating the supermarkets of the region with both global sales and domestic sales and having a high market share. The company originally provides or serves food but later it stated expanding its services to several sectors such as clothing, electronic goods, consumer financial services, internet service and telecoms. The companys strategy is focused based on the long term planning in four major sectors such as: center UK business, non food business, retail service and global presence in 2004, stores continue to expand to cater the customers by increasing to 99 to an 208 stores in 2005, which is massive move by the company intended to open half of this in the Asian region. Tesco exclaims that this possible because of the operation strategy and management team. The Tesco started it business process as self service supermarkets in the U.S. after sometime the company realized mainly the management realized that selling huge range of products and with larger stock volumes, and employing fewer staffs dramatically lowered the product prices. It was in the middle of 90s when the stepped in to Britain with the style of self servicing stores. After 20 years the name became familiar to the British not only for grocery items but also for the fresh food, clothing and other consumer goods. Human Resource Management The HRM is the strategic approach of the management of an organization on mainly valued assets- the people are the essential resource for an human resource management which should be properly maintained- the people working in the particular organization working individually or group they need to contribute to the achievement of the company objective of the business. Any organization, may it be into profit or not into profit the company should allocate and utilize the employees working condition with intelligence and efficiency. The human resource has been changed or replaced with personnel management. HRM means effectively employing employees developing their capabilities and increasing their capacities, developing, compensating and maintaining their service to the organization with the job and organizational necessities. In an organization the human resource is an important role in every organization. The HR functions or role to identify the employees well being in the customer point of view and provide them better facilities to the people who are has been employed. Furthermore the structure of the employees will strengthen the organizational performance and increase the productivity of the company; therefore its necessary to organization to clearly identify the necessities of the employees for the organization, in order to be effective and efficient in their performance. Almost all the companies struggle to retain their work force or find difficult to identify their ideal workforce that provide participating innovative to the company and also be customer focused in everything the company does. The HRM best practices is set to identify the present level of the organization performance and the current issues on the process of HR and then would also to identify how and with what qualification and with what attitude do the company should select and recruit the selected people. The primary goal in HRM is to help the organization to meet the primary objectives of the company by attracting and maintaining employees and also managing them effectively to achieve the goal. The key word here would be FIT where the HRM approach to seeks to ensure the management of the organization. There few key areas which a company should identify and try to get attached to these factors in order to achieve the goals of the organization by hiring efficient employees. Educate the workforce to sustain competitiveness of the organization. Expand and correspond industrial policies and procedures in line with legislation. Participating in criticism and disciplinary enquiry. Direct negotiations. Execute termination plus hiring measures. Connection with trade unions. Performance and outcomes of combined bargaining and negotiation. Enlarge suitable compensation systems for the organization. Supervise overall labor costs. In this the company such as Tesco consist 240,000 employees that contributed to  £33 billion in 2005. Which show the effectiveness strategies have been place in the company, and its effective implementation of HR functions proves itself that HR is a tool to gain competitive advantage, Bring governed by the CEO or the top management. The company such has Tesco provided a comprehensive implementation of its HR functions with the respect of its employees wellbeing. Furthermore the company has highlighted that the plan to gain competitive advantage of the competitive situation not by just doing stock selling or serviced and marketed at the customer interface. This show that the company should implement breakthrough the way they meet their customers, and design a proper way of interacting procedures to meet the customers, in related to Tesco the products and services of the company has already reached to the edge of their market operation. Apart from this continuous strategic review is essential for accompany such as Tesco on strategic planning and innovation, welfare management, HR strategies, customer relations. The company main interest is to invest in the international market and also into their manpower because the company values employees a lot. The empowerment of employees is the potential of an organization linking workers in the decisions making process in fact had many positive outcomes for the company has a whole. Over a periods of tim e the company advocates of participative management have trustily maintains that the techniques provides an boost in the level of employee satisfaction, Furthermore the leadership is also an essential key to implement HR strategies and also to develop of groups organizations and nations. The leadership has become an important factor in behavioral and management sciences. Its always considered that good leadership is essential for the organizational functions. Implementing successful leadership style appropriate toward the working situation and management plan in Tesco HR practice assures ultimate growth in the companys performance and achievement. And Tesco is well aware of the changes and the strategic reviews that would able to examine the change and developing the trends of the job market, Training and development Training and development is an important tool for every company that wanted to gain competitive advantage the TD consigns to the communicate of precise skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee The definition of training development as follows It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. The need of training and development is firmed by the employees performance shortage. Based on the criteria the Tesco has been training effectively the company also states that training scheme is more important for the employees in Tesco In fact, theres a training scheme for every major career stage at Tesco which is often flexible and tailored to your personal needs which is one of the reasons why 80% of our management roles are filled by existing team members. The company has its own training academy to train the employees which delivers training within is business activities. The company had made a strategic review in order to increase the efficiency of the company. The academy director state the following statement regarding the strategic review of the company We wanted to work in partnership with a like-minded organisation that had a proven track record in trainer development but was flexible and pragmatic enough to adapt to Tesco needs. As the process of review the academy developed a certification scheme was devised within the framework of the trainer assessment which was derived to deliver a programme of courses within the academy portfolio. Aims/Objectives of training and development The main purpose of the training is to help the company to achieve its ultimate goal and by adding importance to its key resources to the people it occupy. Training is the process of investing in the people to facilitate to execute faster and empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. These are the following objective of training and development. Increase the capability of employees and develop their performance. Facilitate individuals to nurture inside the organisation in order that, as far as potential, its upcoming needs for human resource are able to be met from within. To decrease the learning time for employees opening in new jobs on appointment, Transfer or promotion, and guarantee to facilitate they become fully experienced as rapidly and inexpensively as potential. Therefore according to Tesco the company has its own strategic review which was to achieve several targets, the proposed certification course was designed to meet the needs of those responsible of training and to provide training delivery within the academy and across the business certification in cooperation afforded by The Training Foundation and by Tesco Academy. The proposed strategic certification has brought high level of confident by the employees and they also started delivering high quality of training to their subordinates, the academy director speaks that The skills provided by The Training Foundation have helped us create great training programs that are directly linked to business needs. The Tesco Academy brand now acts as a guarantee to our people that the training they will receive will be of a consistently high quality. The main aim of the company is to increase their efficiency and gain competitive advantage by consistently increasing and improving their training and development for the employees. Training and development as a competitive advantage Companies obtain competitive advantage from TD programs. As it was mentioned earlier, this will help to remove the bottlenecks and inefficiencies in employees. The facts seems to be true when there is deficiency the employees may lack of ability and rather lack in motivation as to perform as well, this will greatly impact the performance of the company, but and when the individuals concerned comprise the ability and motivation need to do the job assigned in a better way. Therefore Tesco has clearly identified the importance of providing a better training to its employers which had made them to increase their competitive advantage the company mentions that We have significantly increased the number of people able to design and deliver training internally and reduced our external training costs, which means it is simpler for our staff, cheaper for Tesco and better for customers. This is the process which clearly states that the company has been edging in its performance as a largest re tailer in the UK region providing better training and development for the employers and as well reducing the deficiency of the employees and developing strategic review to increase its efficiency of its business operation. Furthermore the qualified employees be likely with the organisation They hardly ever go away from the company. Training formulates the workforce adaptable in process. People who have been trained in all departments and in all job tasks can be relocated to whichever job. Flexibility is consequently made sure in the company operation. Expansion indicates success, which is reflecting in improved income from year to year in Tesco. Well qualified workforce can contribute to the success of an organisation. Potential requirements of workforce motivation will be met throughout training and development programmes. Organisation acquires fresh diploma holders or graduates or management trainees or apprentices. They are fascinated after course conclusion. Training services as a successful resource of employment. Training is an asset in a company such as in Tesco HR with a promise of better returns in future. Therefore a company such as Tesco has the credibility among its customers and also in their workforce which is a great potential for a company and even in Tesco employees doesnt want to quit their job leave to other because the value creation for employees is very effective and the employees are very committed to the company such as Tesco. The Tesco manages its training through Tescos business image also benefits as customers are more confident in the competence and knowledge of staff. This in turn helps Tesco grow. Tesco has a flexible and structured approach to training and development , which adapts to individual employee needs. This allows people identified as having the potential and desire to do a bigger or different role to take part in training to develop their skills and leadership capability. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth) Methods and techniques of training There many ways to train the employees, some of them are directly trained some others are the process of indirect while help them to train on the job itself by experiencing their own way of doing the procedures. Tesco trains it employee through this procedures which has been listed below shadowing a person already in the job shows the employee how to do it coaching a manager or designated colleague will help trainees work through problems and inspire them to find solutions mentoring a more experienced member of staff acts as an adviser Job rotation or secondment the trainee has the opportunity of covering their target role, taking full responsibility on a temporary or limited basis. (Read more: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth) The Tesco offers variety of ways of training to it employees as the details show in the above description. The training is basically straight forward to their work some as on the job training, where they get to know people on their own work area. There several advantages related to on the job training; Its cost effective than off job training Managers have the option to look into the progress of the employee and can help when problem arises and resolve them quickly Employees has the opportunity of putting the learning into practice Employees is still working in training which is more productive to the company The following table was filtered through the Tesco training and development which helps to find out their skills and ability (Source: How training and development supports business growth) Therefore based on the fact we can clearly say that a company like Tesco has been operating well in their business performance to meets the customer needs by implementing a through HR plan which helps the company to perform well in the area of business. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is an important tool to get their own feedbacks about their performance in the particular job and it can b used to measure performance, and its mostly carried out by line managers rather than HR department. It is vital to facilitate they identify with their responsibility of performance there various types of appraising models to facilitate the performance as follow; Self appraisal: This is where the person appreciates and appraises himself without a third party involvement. Supervisor Appraisal: This is the most common form of appraisal, appraiser will be the immediate boss or the overall head, it is crucial that appraiser should be familiar with the objectives of the appraisal 180 degree appraisal: Matrix structure, this is developed in the aircraft manufacturing industry, useful for companies having several different projects service by common function setup (Source: http://www.city.ac.uk/hr/dps/general/hr-strategy-2008-2011.pdf) Tesco also uses appraisal techniques to its employees; it uses a 360 degree appraisal. This means all the stakeholder who have asses with the employees performance will give the feedback for e.g. a store department manager may get feedback from their manager, their buddy, other department managers, the HR department and their team. This helps to identify areas that may require further development. The managers and employees hold weekly informal meetings to review their target in particular meeting feedbacks are recorded and carefully scored trainees are given color coded development rating: Red where progress is not on schedule Amber where some elements need more work Green where all activities are on target Blue where the trainee is ahead of the program and using skills to add value. (Source: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth132-359-5.php#ixzz1AJnJxGIT) Health and safety Health and safety are place of work issues through significant managerial and legal propositions for personnel management and other line managers. Naidoo and Wills (2000) identify a number of benefits to organizations from the promotion of health in the workplace: 1. Hard benefits such as improvements in productivity as a result of reduced sickness, absence and staff turnover. 2. Soft benefits including enhanced corporate image. Tesco Health and safety policy has follows: Tesco Health and Safety Policy as follows: Tesco is committed to providing a safe environment for our people, our customers and our visitors. We build safety into our operations by: Making sure everyone knows their responsibility and is well trained. Identifying risks at work and putting in place safe ways of working. Reviewing and learning from accidents when they occur. Our health and safety objectives To reduce accidents and work related ill health. To fully comply with health and safety law. Everyone is the Tesco team needs to be aware of risks to health and safety and work together to make the workplace safer. Look after our people so they can look after our customers. (Source:http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=tsource=webcd=3sqi=2ved=0CCQQFjACurl=) Benefits of good health and safety Health and safety has many advantages in an organization which would safeguard the employees in the work place the benefits as follows: Cost reduction Minimal risk Low employees turnover and absenteeism Low accidents narrowed risk of authorized action outstanding among suppliers and distributors Reputation increases among the stakeholders for corporate social responsibility. Increase in employee productivity and highly motivated employees. Conclusion Human resource management plays an important role in the operation of a company and which can influence the employees performance in which way it benefits the organization. The HRM strategy is to change the mind set of employees and develop their skills and ability through training and development, although training is provided that will not only be a mode of improving employees talent and skill, it has to be reviewed and appraised by their managers, these are the basic elements of the HR. according to Tesco the company has been utilizing its personnel management in an effective way which that the company can be success in the future. In a distinguishing approach the personnel management seeks to achieve competitive advantage through strategic operation of highly trained, committed and capable workforce, ultimately its all about appreciative, researching, applying, and revising human resources in accordance with the company objective in terms of internally and externally throughout t he global environment to enhance the experience of their stakeholders.

Gender Roles in Alice Munro’s Boys and Girls Essay -- Boys and Girls E

In Alice Munro’s short story â€Å"Boys and Girls,† our narrator is a young farm girl on the verge of puberty who is learning what it means to be a â€Å"girl.† The story shows the differing gender roles of boys and girls – specifically that women are the weaker, more emotional sex – by showing how the adults of the story expect the children to grow into their respective roles as a girl and a boy, and how the children grow up and ultimately begin to fulfill these roles, making the transition from being â€Å"children† to being â€Å"young adults.† The adults in the story expect the children to grow into the gender role that their sex has assigned to them. This is seen in several places throughout the story, such as when the narrator hears her mother talking to her father, â€Å"I heard my mother saying, ‘Wait till Laird gets a little bigger, then you’ll have a real help’†¦. ‘And then I can use her more in the house’† (Munro 495), when her grandmother comes to visit and tells her all the things girls aren’t supposed to do, and when she is roughhousing with her little brother and the farm hand, Henry Bailey, tells her, â€Å"that there Laird’s gonna show you, one of these days† (Munro 497). While the narrator disagrees with the adults, and tries not to conform to their expectations, at the end of the story both she and her brother end up acting exactly as a child of their age and gender would be expected to act: the preteen girl crying with no apparent logical re ason, and the young boy excited to have been included with the men, and talking about the thrilling tale of slaying a horse. At the beginning of the story, the narrator and her brother are just â€Å"children,† but by the end of it the narrator is a â€Å"girl† and Laird is a â€Å"boy†; they have become very d... ...le older and a chance to show off her bravery emerges in the form of Flora making her escape, she doesn’t even consider playing the part of the hero, she simply follows her father’s orders, and even that she goes back on when she leaves the gate open. She doesn’t daydream of action and excitement anymore; she instead imagines herself in a love story. Throughout the story, the different roles and expectations placed on men and women are given the spotlight, and the coming-of-age of two children is depicted in a way that can be related to by many women looking back on their own childhood. The narrator leaves behind her title of â€Å"child† and begins to take on a new role as a young, adolescent woman. Works Cited Munro, Alice. â€Å"Boys and Girls.† Introduction to Literature. Ed. Isobel M. Findlay et al. 5th ed. Canada: Nelson Education, 2004. 491-502. Print.

Analysis of The Abstract Wild by Jack Turner :: The Abstract Wild Jack Turner Essays

Analysis of The Abstract Wild by Jack Turner Jack Turner's The Abstract Wild is a complex argument that discusses many issues and ultimately defends the wild in all of its forms. He opens the novel with a narrative story about a time when he explored the Maze in Utah and stumbled across ancient pictographs. Turner tells this story to describe what a truly wild and unmediated experience is. The ideas of the aura, magic, and wildness that places contain is introduced in this story. Turner had a spiritual connection with the pictographs because of the power, beauty, and awe that they created within him upon their first mysterious contact. Turner ruined this unmediated experience by taking photographs of the pictographs and talking about them to several people. His second visit to the pictographs was extremely different- he had removed the wild connection with the ancient mural and himself by publicizing and talking about them. This is Turner's main point within the first chapter. He believes that when we take a wild place and photograph it, talk about it, advertise it, make maps of it, and place it in a national park that we ruin the magic, the aura, and the wildness of that place. Nature magazines, photographs, and films all contribute to the removal of our wild experience with nature. It is the difference between visiting the Grand Canyon after you have seen it on TV and read about it in magazines, or never having heard of the place and stumbling across it on your own during a hike. Unfortunately, almost every wild experience between nature and the public has been ruined by the media. Through Turner's story he begins to explain the idea of the wild and its importance and necessity of human interaction with the wild.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second chapter contains two major ideas. The first is Turner's defense and explanation of the appropriateness of anger. Turner thinks that society wrongly taught the people to repress and fear their emotions. Turner finds primal emotions to be necessary to our survival, as well as the survival of the wild. He explains that anger occurs when we defend something we love or something we feel is sacred. He reminds us to cherish our anger and use it to fuel rebellion. Turner criticizes the cowardice of modern environmentalists in the following passage: "The courage and resistance shown by the Navajos at Big Mountain, by Polish workers, by blacks in South Africa, and, most extraordinarily, by Chinese students in Tiananmen Square makes much of the environmental protest in America seem shallow and ineffective in