Paradise Lost Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost EssayParadise Lost, an epic in twelve books, is in some(prenominal) ways maven of the most wonderful of the works of men. It is one of those r atomic piece 18 works of human genius whose power and beauty be inexhaustible. It was composed by the poet after restoration, in blindness, poverty and obscurity. Yet he produced a poem which alone is enough to give him a place among the poets who ar non of one age, but of all ages, not of one country, but of the whole world giving it the genre of an immortal classic. Writing of the influences which shaped Miltons epic, Verity says, We must(prenominal) indeed recognize in Paradise Lost, the meeting point of Renaissance and Reformation, the impress of four great influences the Bible, the classics, the Italian poets and English literature. (Verity, 103). In allusion lies one of the top dog delights of literature, and we get this delight from Paradise Lost.But the greatness of Miltons epic lies not in allusions, not in t he story, nobly though that illustrates the eternal ill will of righteousness and wrong, and the overthrow of evil nor in the construction, though this is sufficiently architectonic nor in the learning, though that is vast nor in the characterization, for which there is little scope not in these things, though all are factors in the greatness of the poem, and in all Milton rises to the height of his argument- but in the incomparable elevation of the style, the shaping sense of smell of Imagination and the sheer majesty of music.This is well explicated in the description of the flora and fauna of Eden . gentle gales Fanning their odoriferous wings dispense congenital perfumes and whisper whence they stole Those balmie spoiles. (IV, 156-159) It is undoubtedly Renaissance that fired his ambition of writing an epic and his choice of its paper fell on the Biblical subject of the dip of man. He preferred the Biblical subject because, says John Bailey, it was his belief that every st atement in the Bible was literally true (Bailey, 67). As this was likewise the belief of his contemporaries, his epic got recognition at once.But the use of Biblical bow hampered his freedom of invention. That is why Books I-IV, where the poet en merrimented comparatively greater freedom of invention, are go written than the other books where his imagination was hampered by his Biblical theme. Paradise Lost is a clear epic, having all the common features of the epics of Homer and Virgil. It is a long chronicle poem in XII books, its subject is solemn and grand, and it finds equally grand and solemn treatment. Indeed grandeur and majesty are the key-notes of Miltons epic. Like the classical epics, it has unity of theme and treatment.There is nothing in it that is superfluous, every episode and incident leads to the central theme the fall of man and the loss of paradise. Wars and heroic exploits are also not lacking. There is supernatural intervention in plenty. Its characters a re mostly superhuman God and His angels, and Satan and his followers. There are only two human characters, Adam and eve. Indeed, this paucity of human actors, and consequent lack of human interest, is the basic weakness of Miltons epic. In keeping with the epic tradition, its style and versification is tall and sublime.Frequent and effective use has been made of Homeric or epic similes. Though Paradise Lost is a classical epic, it also has a number of unique features of its own. A classical epic deals with a subject of national importance, with the war-like exploits of some hero of national stature. The theme of Miltons epic is vaster and of a more(prenominal) universal human interest than any handled by the poets predecessors. It concerns itself with the fortunes, not of a city or an empire, but of the whole human race, and with that particular sheath in the history of the race which has moulded all its destinies.Around this event, the plucking of an apple, are ranged, accordi ng to the strictest rules of the ancient epic, the histories of Heaven, Earth and Hell. The scene of natural action is Universal Space. The time represented is Eternity. The characters are God and all his creatures. And all these are exhibited in the clearest and most inevitable relation with the main event, so that there is not an incident, hardly a cast of the poem, but lead backwards or forwards to that central theme. Like other epic poets, Milton too plunges at once into the middle of his story sort of of beginning from the beginning.Thus Book I opens with an account of the Fallen Angels-Satan and his followers- in Hell, and the account of the war in promised land which resulted in that fall is given later on, in the Books V-VIII, along with the account of the Creation of the world. Satan, though defeated and fallen, does not despair. He encourages his followers, a vast hall, Pandemonium, is built, where they hold a conference to decide upon their futurity course of action . After much discussion it is decided that they would have their revenge upon God by corrupting the sunrise(prenominal)ly created man.Accordingly, Satan undertakes a journey to the new world through Chaos, reaches the Earth and the Garden of Eden. In the form of a serpent, he tempts eve to taste the fruit of the forbidden tree. He succeeds in seducing eve, and Adam, patronage the warning of Gods angel Raphael, tastes the fruit of the tree of knowledge. He thus commits the Sin of Disobedience. The result is divine punishment. Consequently, there is the loss of paradise and the fall of man. Suffering becomes the lot of man as a result of this original sin.Satan, too, is punished, as he and his followers are transformed into hissing serpents. The central theme of the epic is stated in the very opening lines itself Of mans first disobedience Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, bank one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat, Sing Heavnly Muse, (I, 1-6) This fall of man would be used by him to assert Eternal parsimony and justify the ways of god to man.Thus Dr.Johnson said that Miltons purpose is to show the reasonableness of religion and the necessity of obedience to the Divine law (Brown, 82). The theme of freedom and independence is also inherent in the epic. Satan is the very embodiment of heroic energy, energy which is constantly expressed in action in his opposition to the will of god despite heavy odds. His oral communication like Better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven (I, 263) and What though the field be lost? / All is not lost (I, 105-106) drives home the point very clearly. Characters in Paradise Lost may be divided into four different groups.First of all there are God, His son and His angels secondly there are the fallen angels, Satan and his followers thirdly there are allegorical personages, Sin and Death and lastly humans, Adam and eve. Mark Pattison has rightly said that an enjoyment of Miltons poetry is the ultimate repay of consummate scholarship. Milton was a very learned poet, and his learning is strewn wide over Paradise Lost. Allusions to classical literature and mythology, to Biblical mythology, and to contemporary literatures of Europe, especially Italian, are grand and plentiful stumbling blocks in the ways of the readers.The first lines of the first book of the epic has references to Oreb (7), That Shepherd (8), Siloas Brook, Aonian Mount, etc. proves the fact. Latin constructions, use of words in their original Latin sense, and epigrammatic terseness are other sources of difficulty. That is why the beauty and grandeur of the epic can be enjoyed only after a number of readings. But such readings are fruitful and rewarding. At times the Latin usages give an elusive meaning as in the following passing Soft oppression seisd My droused sense, untroubld though I thoughtI then was passing to my former state Insensible an d forthwith to dissolve. (VIII, 291-296) more than specially the epic similes, more frequent in this epic than in Homer or Virgil, uplift and dilate the imagination, thrill the senses with their range and variety and are a source of great aesthetic pleasure. One of the most noteworthy epic similes from Milton in Paradise Lost is that which deals with the will-o-the-wisp in book IX, Lines 633-42 Hope elevates, and joy Brightns his Crest, as when a wandring Fire Compact of unctuous vapor, which the NightCondenses, and the cold environs round, Kindld through agitation to a Flame, Which oft, they say, some evil Spirit attends Hovering and glaring with delusive Light, Misleads th amazd Night-wanderer from his way To Boggs and Mires, and oft through Pond or Poole, There swallowd up and lost, from succour farr. (IX, 633-42) Coupled with the sublimity and grandeur of diction, there is sonorous verbal music of Milton. Paradise Lost is written in blank verse, and its handling is superb th roughout. Each line consists of five feet and ten syllables, the accent being on the second syllable.Here Milton introduced endless variations in metre, to give music, flexibility and variety to the verse. The use of trochees and spondees and clever manipulation of pauses add to the effect. But the chief peculiarity of Miltons blank verse is his use of the verse paragraph where the meaning of the line does not end with it but overflows to the next lines. We might have lost credence in Miltons theology and the story of the fall of man may have been exploded by science, but Paradise Lost will neer decay and die. It is an immortal work of art and it will live on by virtue of its manifold poetic beauties.

The pioneer experiences Essay Example for Free

The pioneer experiences EssayThe western migration of the mid-nineteenth century was a time of uncertainty for America. It was also a time of excite handst because of the new adventures that awaited Americans. Although western migration was difficult, many chose to undertake it because they wanted a new life, riches, and a chance to own their own land. thither was also a religious aspect, as some people pass awayd to be missionaries to the natural Americans and to form new churches and religions.The pioneer experiences of men and women differed in some(prenominal) ways. This is evidenced by the writings of Lydia Allen Rudd and Elizabeth Dixon Smith Geer. Elizabeth talked about constant rain and carrying two children through the mud and water. She also talked about looking for furnish for her sick husband and watching him deteriorate. She also writes about how the children had great responsibilities such as driving cattle and oxen.Elizabeth talks incessantly of the impossibil ity of cooking or staying warm and dry. Much of this has to do with when she and her family chose to travel. She also writes that with her husband ill, the whole care of everything falls upon her shoulders (Geer 1847).This contrasts sharply with Lydia Allen Rudd. Though in her account there is rain, she remains upbeat, manduction the soaring vistas and her experiences with the Native Americans. All is not grand, however. She speaks of seeing the graves of men and women having died of measles and cholera. Her diary tells of reaching Salem, Oregon, and also Burlington. There, they are successful in determination both employment and housing for the winter (1852).Men, on the other hand, saw much more violence in their lives. In looking at Edward Gould Buffums account of life in the gold mines, he tells of the trial of five men who were consequently lashed, and three of those men who were tried for attempted murder and robbery. A jury found the men guilty.Buffum notes that the charges against them were well substantiated, but amounted to nothing more than an attempt at robbery and murder no overt act macrocosm even alleged (1850). The sentence was death by cleaveing, and they were hanged that very day. Such was frontier justice. Buffum even protested against the mens death sentence, but stopped when the mob threatened to hang him.Government played a huge role in encouraging and supporting westward migration. This was accomplished by the homestead Act of 1862. It took affect on the first of January of 1863. It gave anyone twenty one or older who is a citizen or intended to become a citizen, and who had never borne arms against the United States Government or given aid and comfort to its enemies entitlement to land at $1.25 per acre, so long as the claim did not exceed a hundred sixty acres.The lonesome(prenominal) thing the person had to do was swear out an affidavit that they were the head of household, or is twenty one, or given service in the US arm forces, never borne arms against the US and never given aid or comfort to its enemies. The person also had to hold the land for five years.The estimation of ostensible unavoidableness fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers. Though the road was tough, the rewards were great, as many people made their fortunes in the west. Manifest Destiny, or the idea that America had a God-given right to all of North America did fit in well with the actual experiences of the pioneers. It did not, however, respect the culture of the Native Americans. Native Americans were forced to move from ancestral lands, and some began to assimilate. This was largely due to the amount of missionaries that moved from the east to Oregon.Their coating was to civilize the savage Native Americans.There was, however, a place where the Americans and the Native Americans came together without argument. That place was called Middle Ground. It was a place where Native Americans and Americans came together for trade. Manifest Destiny also affected communications. Mail traveled over a route known as the Butterfield Trail.This trail between Saint Louis and SanFrancisco took two weeks for mail to travel it. This helped to foster the development of the Pony Express. It ran for eighteen months and used relays of five-year-old riders to move mail slightly faster than traditional mail. Many went to Oregon and California to seek their fortunes and establish new lives.Sometimes, this involved religious differences. The Mormons for example, moved because they were not accepted in either New York or Illinois. In the two female accounts that were discussed, the women moved with their families to seek a new life in Oregon. In the account of Edward Gould Buffum, he had spent six months in the California gold mines.Even Horace Greely got into the idea of Manifest Destiny, advocating for a transcontinental railroad as a way to facilitate communication and transportation to the new territories. He also talks about the need for education and virtuous women (Greely, 1860). Additionally, he discusses the need for the families of the men in California to have their families. He feels settlement would again be facilitated by a transcontinental railroad. Families would move with their men, and more families would be willing to move out west on the comfort of the trains, rather than take the wagon trains through the uncertain weather. The growth of towns showed that people were taking the idea of Manifest Destiny seriously. The mass migration of immigrants to California numbered 80,000, and the city of San Francisco grew from 848 to an astonishing 60,000.The pioneer experiences and Manifest Destiny walked hand in hand through history. Manifest Destinys goal of taking over the continent combined with the curiosity of the American Pioneer. Their experiences helped forever shape the new America. The United States Government helped by passing the Homestead Act, which further people to settl e in the new territories. Though their experiences were different, collectively, men and women helped shape a new America full of new challenges and new rewards.Bibliography37th Congress, Homestead Act of 1862. 1862.http//wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3125072- content,00.html (accessed present 8, 2009).Bauer, William J.. Dismantling Indian Country in the Nineteenth Century. History Reviews of New Books 36, no. 2 (2008) 49-52. Buffum, Edward. Six Months in the Gold Mines.1850.http//wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124634- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).Geer, Elizabeth. Journal. 1847. 1848.http//wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124638- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).Graulich, Melody. Review of West of Emerson The Design of Manifest Destiny. AmercanLiterature 76, no. 3 (2004) 617-619.Greely, Horace. An Overland Journey. 1860.http//wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124701- content,00.ht ml (accessed March 8, 2009).OSullivan, John. The Great Nation of Futurity. http//wpscms.pearsoncmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124755- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009). Rudd, Lydia. Diary of westward Travel 1852. 1852.http//wpscms.pearson.cmg.com/long_longman_mhlus_0/0,11867,3124798- content,00.html (accessed March 8, 2009).

Fast Food Industry study of Pizza Hut

Fast Food Indus sift airfield of pizza pie HutIntroductionA major(ip) transformation in business line perplexity is that organizations be trying to optimize either locution of business. There has been a keen focus into every aspect of business which can excrete the organization a price or quality edge oer its competitors. Effective Supply string management (SCM) is capable of both the above menti unitaryd advantages. If we side into the miscellaneous components of SCM and analyze their import in the context of the above we find that they atomic number 18 quite square and capable of achieving price and quality edge over competitors.In this enquiry the focus testament be to study various factors influencing the turn in strand management in troubled pabulum patience by referring to Pizza shack. The aspects associated to price quality and guest satisfaction get out be covered through this seek. The fast food patience has seen huge transformations in the late pas t the affect of these transformations on the translate chain management is also discussed in this research.BackgroundAs we know that generate chain manages the entire materials from suppliers (Suppliers of crank materials to the organization) to retailers and distri stillors to the customers. There are various disciplines involved in this system. for example the supplier relations management, stock certificate management, distribution system, retail management, drive away provision chain management. It has been observed that action in one discipline can influence the performance of the whole chain and similarly the performance of the organization. (T.J. Peters 1982 Ridd each(prenominal)s 2002).More and more organizations / industries are identifying the significance of supply chain management. In terms of research there are three most researched issues in the whole supply chain management, they are training flow through supply chain memorial / wareho c every ManagementOperati ons Management (queuing system)The fast food industry is one of the most belligerent industries. The competition majorly depends upon price, quality and service (which are core aspects of Supply Chain Management). Hence there is immense pressure on all the organizations in the fast food industry to keep the three aspects studied above to their supreme best.As fast food industry is one of the most emerged industries in the modern past, the supply chain has seen huge transformations in this industry. The industry is still emerging so as the transformations in the supply chain management of this industry. Hence this study helps the learner identify and understand the factors driving change and the factors influencing the supply chain performance.Few of the research questions and research objectives are underpinned search QuestionsThis research will not only try to present the study associated with the title of the research but will also try to resultant role the questions mentioned belowWhat is the core meaning of supply chain?What is the significance of Supply Chain Management in fast food industry?What are the major components of Supply Chain Management?How significant is information sharing to keep the supply chain good?What factors influence / drive supply chain management in fast food industry?How is demand forecast supply managed accurately?What is the impact of supply chain management on overall performance of Pizza Hut and in creating blot name for Pizza Hut?How does Pizza Hut manage their SC effectively?Similarly the research has set few objectives for itself to achieve in the vogue of this study. The research objectives are mentioned underneathResearch ObjectivesAligned with research questions we have set few objectives for this research. They are listed underneathTo understand the supply chain practices in fast food industryTo understand the difference between SCM practices in fast food industry and in opposite industries (manufacturing Servi ce sector)To prove that effective core competencies can lead to competitive advantageIdentify significance of various parties in the supply chain on the performance of the supply chainTo understand the service level impact on the supply chainThe organization / comp any(prenominal) chosen for this researchPizza hut was started in the course 1958 by two brothers Dan Frank Carney. This was an idea suggested by a common friend which they agreed to. In 1972 they introduced corporate strategy. In the mid 90s the profits of Pizza Hut were declining. Hence Dan Frank Carney thought of selling out the company. In the year 1997 Yum Brands acquired pizza hut and is currently (Pizza hut) under Yum BrandsHighlight of Pizza hut is its variety in Pizza, garlic bread, pasta and breadsticks. In order to meet the yield of the mentioned (menu) products pizza needs to co-ordinate all the suppliers of vegetables, chicken and bread and fake in coordination with them. Keeping this aspect efficient is t he key success factor of Pizza Hut. As we know that if an organization can manage its core competencies effectively they can surely act as competitive advantage for the company.As the ingredients for various products of pizza hut are acquired through various suppliers from different separate of the globe. There has to be proper communication to keep the supplies and demand under check. In order to keep this aspect effective the company has employed nub Quality Management (TQM) process.The strategic policy of Yum Brands involve the suppliers to understand their quality and impact in the overall performance of the organization. This keeps the supplier relations management aspect in place for the organization.Pizza Hut has restaurants and they also deliver their products to customers place. The supply chain in these cases differs. If it is served at the restaurant then it usually shortens the supply chain and if the product (pizza, pasta etc), then the supply chain has transportation included in the supply chain.Both these aspects will be discussed in detail in this studyLimitations of the studyAs the research focuses on the supply chain management of fast food industry, there whitethorn be few differences in the supply chain then the supply chain of other industries. This research does not specifically answer questions which are out of the industry / focus of this research.The supply chain of fast food industry keeps changing in short intervals. We have focuse this study on supply chain of Pizza hut. This may answer the general questions with the supply chain of fast food industry but may not answer the specific questions of other organizations.Literature recapSupply chain plays a critical role in maintain the organizations brand image and service levels in the market. In this section we will peach about Supply Chain Management (SCM) in general first and then will confine it to the fast food industry.Supply chain is the term use to define the parties involve d in the process of meeting customer demand. The parties involved in the supply chain areSuppliersManufacturers / producersDistributorsRetailerscustomers(Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002) (Stanley E. Fawcett and Gregory N. 2004)A brief of their role in the supply chain in underpinnedAs we know that supply chain management is a discipline that manages and controls the flow of information throughout the various departments to meet the customer demands. The supply chain starts from the positive beginning of the manufacturing process i.e. acquiring the crank materials from the suppliers or in other words choosing the suppliers and ends at the extreme end of the production process i.e. the customers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)The members or parties of the supply chain are briefed belowSuppliers suppliers are a significant party in the supply chain. The fond materials are supplied / acquired through this resource. In terms of quality of materials / products the supplier s are held responsible. The price of the product depends upon the price of the naked as a jaybird material as well and the supply of raw material will influence the companys ability to meet the customer demand at the right metre. Hence we can say that suppliers have a nifty impact on the price of the product and companys ability to meet the customers demand on time. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Manufacturers / Producers These are the members who convert raw materials / semi finished goods to finished goods. The production process is significant as the company judges the quality and attributes of the process in this phase hence manufacturers also influence the quality of the product. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Distributors These are throng who are responsible to make the product reach to the market (retailers). The distributors can be also termed as marketing intermediaries. There are various aspects associated with marketing of a product and choosing the right dis tributors. The reach of the distributor will always be directly proportional to the availability of the product in the market. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Retailers These are peck who are at the end of the supply chain. In other words these are the people who sell the product to the customers (supermarkets, stores etc). They are one of the significant members in the supply chain as they are in direct cutaneous senses with the customers. They represent the product on behalf of manufacturer to the customers. The demand and customer feedback can be analyzed at this level. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)Customers These are the end users of the products. Customers were not considered as a part of supply chain, but the contemporary methods and study has added customers into the supply chain. (Riddalls, C.E., Bennett, S., 2002)The significance of these parties in the supply chain varies in context to industries.Few of the terms involved in SCM are underpinnedInventory sizeThis helps the organization decide the amount (size) of inventory to be ordered. This is one of the significant aspects in the fast food industry as this helps the organization not only order the right quantity but also meet the customers needs with minimum resources possible. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)Replenishment Lead TimeThis refers to the time between placing an order and acquiring the raw material. Usually lead time is always considered as an entity that makes the supply chain ineffective (loss in supply chain). (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001)Stock outsStock outs are very common in every trade. This is a situation that arises due to miscommunications in supply chain parties, lack of analysis, bad demand and sales forecasting.Safety stockThis is the excess stock that a tighten maintains to manage demand fluctuations. The safety stock is maintained at the lowest levels as most of the firms are efficient in sales forecasting.Reorder delegateThis is a point in inventory levels wherein the firm feels the need to order more inventories.SPECIFIC TO FAST FOOD INDUSTRYFast food is referred to food which can be cooked easily and can be eaten quickly. There are various food chains across the world, which are famous for fast food.If we grimace into the history of the fast food industry, the roots of fast food are from 1920s and from 1950s this industry saw a rapid growth. There are many reasons for this transformation in food habits of people. People were busy and did not find time to cook food or even to wait for pine hours after ordering food. There arose the term fast food. The Asians (Specifically Chinese) are responsible for this term and industry. There lies the secret behind the customer expectations. Customers expect food to be served quickly, should be delicious and should be healthy. In this scenario all the parties of the supply chain play a major role in meeting this expectation. (Tony Hines, 2004)Few of the objectives of supply chain management in fast food industry are mentioned underneathSupply chain planningThis sets the chain direction and the strategies associated with all the aspects of supply chain. This is the overall sketch of the supply chain. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)ProcurementThis is the process of selecting a supplier and managing healthy and profitable relation with them. This also helps the organization maintain quality of their products. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)Inventory managementThis process helps the organization maintain right level of stock in the organization and eliminate stock outs with variation in demand for the product. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004) packagingThis is a discipline that helps in ensuring right package design and reducing the salute by encouraging the recycling process of packaging. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)Warehou singThis is the process of storing the raw material, semi finished and finished goods. Effective storage and correct warehouse design can reduce the overall cost of the product (eliminates transportation cost to a certain extent) and improve the availability of the product. The other factors in this discipline are safety of the product, storage methods and locations of the warehouses. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)TransportationThis process refers to transportation management of goods. This includes all the possible modes of transferring goods from one location to another. The records maintenance are also included in this aspect. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)LogisticsThis is referred to the use of technology in maintaining all the disciplines of supply chain effectively. The use of softwares is a trend in logistics management (CRM softwares). (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)Customer Service and marketingThis refers to meeting the customer expectations effectively and creating new opportunities through customer service. This is one of the major aspects that organizations are focusing in contemporary business world. (David Simchi-Levi, Philip Kaminsky and Edith Simchi-Levi, 2004)The entire above mentioned are effective ways to remain competent, exist and grow in the market. thus managing supply chain effectively can help the business prosper.There are few other associated concepts which have an influence on the supply chain, one of them is Bull Whip Effect.Bull Whip EffectThis is referred to sudden increase in customer demand that forces the supply chain to reconsider its strategy and set up the stocks in the supply chain. This forces the management to include more stocks into the system to meet the increased product demand. The Bull whip effect always flows in reverse direction to the flow of products. I.e. starting with heartytor and ending it with the supp lier of raw materials to the manufacturers. (Raghavan, N.R.S., Viswanadham, N., 2001), (Peter D lummox, 2006)There are various reasons of Bull Whip Effect few of them are mentioned underneathUnder estimation of demandWrong sales reportInefficiencies Lead time managementMiscommunication in the supply chain(Peter D Ball 2006)Hence we can say that effective communication (information flow) in the supply chain is significant.The fast food industry cannot store the stock (Raw materials) in advance. just about of the products are vegetables and souses, which need to be fresh. Hence effective supply chain management is required.It has been observed that the major focus of most of the fast food chains is to improve the service levels (quality of the product and delivery time to the customers). Recently it has also been observed that in developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Srilanka and others, the fast food industry is focusing on the quantity and price factors. Once again this can be achieved through effective supply chain management.Research methodologyResearch methodology plays a vital role in the outcome of every research. There are various aspects, which a researcher needs to consider, before during and after encountering information for a research. Few of the aspects are presented underneath and are discussed in the context of the research. (Cooper, D. Schindler, P. 1998)Research approachThere are various research approaches possible. Few of them are underpinnedInductive approachDeductive approachQualitative approachQuantitative approach(Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)A brief of the above four is accustomed belowInductive approach The term itself indicates that this process starts with a point and ends up adding information and few more points on the way through to devising general interpretations about the research topic. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Deductive approach This refers to an approach that starts with few concepts and theories and tries to confine the subject in the context of the research focus. This is one of the widely used approaches to reach to a conclusion in general researches to add more specific information to lively concepts. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Qualitative approach This approach relies on the existing theories and practices. In other words this approach is based on the tested and proven methods. The available literature is the major source in this approach. This is called qualitative as the research results can be more reliable then compared to other methods / approaches of research. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)Quantitative approach This is one of the widely used research approaches. This approach relies on a wider study and does not majorly rely on the literature, instead will take a concept or theory from the existing literature and will research about it in the environment (surroundings). This is one of the approach used to ma ke general interpretations about a concept or theory. The major methods of this research approach are surveys, questionnaire, interviews etc. (Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. 2003)The research approach for this research will not be restricted to any of the research approaches. We will use all the approaches possible to keep this study effective. As there are various factors influencing the supply chain and the fast food industry is specific, hence we will try to emanate the drawbacks of various approaches and will use all possible methods to match pertinent and result oriented info.Research StrategyResearch strategy for every research is significant. As we know that this influences the outcome of the research, hence we have decided to formulate two questionnaires for accumulation data. One will focus on the management and the other will focus on the experiences of the customers. This will also help in covering all the aspects in this research. For this research we will als o foregather few industry experts to analyse the interpretations and results of the research to keep it effective.Data sourcesThere are various sources through which data can be self-possessed. The data for any research can be divided into two categories. They areResearch specific data (Primary data)Supporting data (secondary data)The above two are explained in brief belowResearch Specific dataThis is also known as primary data. The term itself indicates that this data is specific to the research. The data that is gathered to answer the set research questions is known as primary data. The major sources for gathering data in this category are interviews, focus groups, surveys, observations, questionnaires, telephonic interviews, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003)Supporting dataThis refers to the data that fills the gaps left by the primary data. As the major function of this data is to support the research, hence this is known as supporting data. This data is not research specific, in stead is gathered from the available literature or some other pertinent research. The major sources through which this data can be gathered are academic books, magazines, newspapers, internet, etc (Bryman, A. Bell, E. 2003)The data for this research will be gathered through formulating two questionnaires and using two methods. First we will try to contact the management of Pizza hut through email and take their responses on the questionnaire the second will be to carry-out a general survey in macrocosm to know about the customer service (and associate it with the effectiveness of the supply chain). We will also utilize the secondary sources such as Internet to gather pertinent data to make the research effective.Data AnalysisThere are various aspects that a research needs to focus before, during and after gathering data for a research. These aspects help the researcher keep the data effective in the context of the study.Few of the aspects are listed belowValidity This refers to th e relevance of variables in the study. As we know that there are various variables in a research. This aspects ensures that the data gathered should be relative to the research. In other words these aspects say that there has to be inter-connectivity between the focus of the research and the data gathered. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will try to gather relevant data and will avoid vagueness in data. The data gathered will be confined to the research focus but will also try to remain neutral to answer various other research associated questions.Reliability This aspect refers to neutral (correct or accurate) and bias free results. In other words this aspect states that if the same data is used again for a similar research the results of the research should be similar. This also states that there should be any biased interpretation or should be a estimate for any mortal or organization through this research. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will not only stay neutral while in terpreting the findings and framing the results of this research, but will also send the results to few industry experts to seek their view. This will eliminate the bias aspect from the research and will keep the research effective.Generalizability This refers to the spectrum covered by the research answers in resolving the general issues. In other words the results of the research should be able to answer a wide range of real time issues. (Ghauri, R. Gronhaug, K. 2005)We will try to keep the results as general as possible and will also try to cover as many issues as possible.Authenticity of data sources This is one of the significant aspects of any research. The data gathered should be from reliable sources. The authenticity of data sources defines the effectiveness of the research. (Collis, J. Hussey, R. 2009)We will try to gather data from authentic sources. As we have formulated questionnaires and are gathering data through sources which are reliable, I believe we can surely imprimatur the authenticity of data sources.Ethical IssuesThis refers to the methods used for gathering data. The ethical issues are quite significant for every researchs credibility towards the society. This includes a code of conduct that states that the methods used for data gathering and research should not include any method that is illegal or unacceptable. The methods or results of the research should not harm any person / firm / industry. (Crowther, D. Lancaster, G. 2009)The methods used for this research will be decided by keeping the above code of conduct in mind and will not include any such methods which fall out of the code of conduct. We will try to keep the work ethical and free from any bias.PROJECT syllabusWeeks0-23-45-67-89-1011-1213-1415Background ReadingResearch ProposalTheoretical frameworkPrimary Secondary Data gatheringReport Making Submission cobblers lastSupply chain management plays a significant role in managing resources and effective customer service irrespective of industry. The fast food industry is customer driven and the service level plays a significant role in creating expectations with the customers. The fast food industry (Specifically Pizza hut) will be studied in the context of the supply chain extensively and the research results will be framed.We will study all the associated aspects and will try to cover all the authorisation issues under the focus of the research. We will keep the research bias free and ethical to the extreme possibility.

Synthesis of Janus Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery System

Synthesis of Janus Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery SystemOver the past few decades, drug language systems have been well developed and studied to improve the curative effect of drugs.14 Drug delivery systems provide ameliorate the problems of conventional administration by prolonging duration time, enhancing drug solubility, retaining drug bioactivity, reducing side effect, and so on.5, 6 A variety of carriers such as lipids,7, 8 polymer gels,9,10 especially nanoparticles,11, 12 have been studied in drug delivery systems. At present, stimuli sensitive drug delivery systems have been an attractive theme for controlled grow. The release fashions of drugs passel be easily controlled by border properties, such as temperature,13, 14 pH,15,16 electric field,17 ionic strength,18 and so on. Recently, combined therapy with dual-drugs of different therapeutic effects shows excellent per reboundance in treatment of diseases.19, 20 In order to optimize therapeutic effects, the doses and species of drugs should be optimized at different clinical manifestations and periods in the treatment. One of the main challenges of combined therapy is to control the release behavior of each drug freely. However, simple drug delivery systems toleratenot fulfill the needs of such therapy, because the most widely used carriers are normally possess case-by-case symmetrical geometry with single-surface. Even the dual-drugs are loaded on the single-surface carrier at same time, the delivery systems are designed only for the simultaneous release of both different drugs, and the release of each drug assholenot be controlled. Furthermore, the multi-conjugates or loadings can interact with each other leading to undesired adverse effects. Therefore, developing independent multi-surface nanostructures for combination or loading of multiple drugs is critically desired. Janus nanoparticles possess multiple surface structures are anisotropic in composition, shape, and surface chemistry.21 The structural asymmetry is ideally suited for dual-drug conjugations or loadings on different sections of a single Janus particle.22 Furthermore, serviceablely distinct surfaces of the Janus particle can be used to selectively conjugate with item chemical moieties for controlling the dual-drug loading or releasing, respectively.23-25During the past decades, considerable efforts have been made on the fabrication of Janus particles.26-30 For instance, a mono social class of spherical particles such as those of polystyrene (PS) or silicon dioxide colloidal nanospheres are spread on a solid substrate.31-33 Thus, the functionalization could take place only on the top surfaces of the anchored particles. Because the low yield of the Janus particles firmness of purpose from the limited surface area of the bulk substrates, a modified method was later developed by using colloidal particles as the supporting substrates.34-38 other method for fabricating Janus particles was carried out a t interfaces a particle partially contacted with reactive medium and generated different surface functionalities from the opposite surface.36 With the development of microfluidic technique, Janus particles could in like manner be false by solidifying droplets composed of immiscible components.39, 40 Other methods such as controlled surface nucleation, phase separation, and controllable polymer attachment,41-54 have been also developed to synthesize the Janus particles. alone the Janus particles reported previously were often close to micrometer in size and typically involved various types of polymers, which could induced poor biocompatibility, the fabrication of small Janus nanoparticles with in organic fertilizer materials is still a greater challenge.48-54 On the other hand, the widely used silica is an useful material for building concentric emailprotected structures by using metallic or magnetic nanoparticles or quantum dots as cores,55-57 but there have been few reports abou t silica base Janus nanoparticles. Due to the amorphous nature of silica, it is heavy to push down the surface tension or lattice mismatch in the midst of silica and these core materials to form the Janus nanostructure.Feasibility for the tax deduction of Janus nanocompositesAs mentioned above, it is difficult to fine-tune the surface tension or lattice mismatch between silica and these core materials to form the Janus nanostructure due to the amorphous nature of silica. But for mesoporous silica materials, it has attracted a great deal of attention because of their versatility in surface tension and pore lattice parameters.58, 59 In order to realize the formation of silica based Janus nanoparticles, the solution-grown synthesis route for the fabrication of inorganic nanocrystals based Janus (such as Au-Fe3O4,60 Au-CdSe,61 CdS-FePt,62 Ag-Fe3O4,63 CdSe-Fe3O4,64 and so on) provides a possible clue to the creation of the silica based Janus nanoparticles by using the mesoporous sil ica as a structural subunit. The inorganic nanocrystals may have polymorphic atomic structures that are epitaxially attached at the interface from a core, leading to special(prenominal) inorganic nanostructures with well-defined and characteristic shapes such as dimmers or trimers.65, 66 For the growth of the ordered mesoporous structures, it is partly analogous to the growth of inorganic nanocrystals. Rather than epitaxy from atomic structures, the mesostructures can also be oriented by surfactants micelle and further induced the epitaxy growth of the mesoporous silica. So, compared with the formation of the inorganic nanocrystals Janus nanostructures, the silica based Janus nanocomposites would also be make infra the direction of the epitaxially growing properties of the mesoporous silica.Project proposalFocusing on the issues faced by the synthesis of the silica-based Janus nanocomposites and corresponding applications, this proposed project concerns the development of a novel anisotropic growth induced route for the synthesis of Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites emailprotected2mSiO2-PMO (NCs = Functional nanocrystals mSiO2= mesoporous silica PMO= periodic mesoporous organosilicas) by using the mesoporous silica as a structural subunit, and the obtained Janus nanocomposites can be used for dual-control drug release (ibuprofen and doxorubicin).As shown in Scheme 1, inorganic functional nanocrystals, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and quantum dots (QDs), are firstly synthesized by using solvothermal approaches at a high temperature. consequently, the emailprotected2 emailprotected nanoparticles, including emailprotected2, Fe3O4SiO2, emailprotected2, leave be synthesized with the reverse micro-emulsion method. braces to the hydrophobic surface property of the obtained NCs, this hydrophilic SiO2 layer is very obligatory for the following syntheses and applications. Furthermore, SiO2 layer can also serve as protective cover for the physical properties of the inorganic functional NCs, such as the fluorescences of UCNPs and QDs. Subsequently, the radial mesoporous SiO2 give be synthesized to form emailprotected2mSiO2 emailprotectedshell nanostructures with the Stber method in the presence of structure-directing agent (CTAB). The radial mesoporous layer of the obtained emailprotected2mSiO2 can accommodate the guest drug molecules (doxorubicin), the channel can also be easily modified with lower sensitive switch molecules (azobenzene) by using post-modification method to realize the controllable release of doxorubicin. Finally, the Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites of emailprotected2mSiO2-PMO can be fabricated through a surfactant-templating approach by using cationic surfactant CTAB as a structure-directing agent and organic silica precursor as a source. At the very beginning, mesostructured CTAC/PMO composites can be assembled and deposited on the emailpro tected2mSiO2 nanoparticles surfaces. Then, through an anisotropic growth, the mesostructured shells finally develop into mesoscale single-crystals coated on the spherical emailprotected2mSiO2 cores and form Janus nanocomposites. The mesoporous of PMO section of Janus nanocomposites can also accommodate the guest drug molecules (ibuprofen). By introducing the heat sensitive phase-change material (1-tetradecanol) as switch molecules, it exit realize the dual-control release of the guest species.As shown in Scheme 2, the dual-control (heat and NIR light) drug release (ibuprofen and doxorubicin) can be realized as following. Drug molecule (doxorubicin) loading in the emailprotected2mSiO2 domains of the Janus nanocomposites In this procedure, the inorganic functional nanocrystals are specified as NaGdF4Yb, Tm UCNPs, which can emit moving-picture showns in both UV ( 350 nm) and Visible ( 470 nm) region downstairs NIR (980 nm) excitation. The mesopores of the emailprotected2mSiO2 nanopa rticles are modified with azobenzene molecules by using the post-modification method firstly. Both the loading and release of doxorubicin are regulated by the transcis photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules. Specifically, the trans isomer of the azobenzene molecules will transform into the cis isomer under UV light irradiation, and in line of business the cis isomer will form the trans isomer under irradiation of visible light. The installing photomechanical azobenzene groups in the mesopores of silica are act as stirrer in the mesoporous silica, which can be used to control the loading and release of the drug. So, not only the release but also the loading of doxorubicin should be processed under the UV and visible light at the same time, and the drug will be locked in the mesopores of the emailprotected2mSiO2 domains in the Janus structures after the UV and visible light are removed. The doxorubicin molecules receive on the surface and mesopores of PMO domains in the Janu s can be water-washed off with water. Drug molecule (ibuprofen) loading in the PMO section of the Janus nanocomposites and heat control release After ibuprofen molecules are absorbed into the mesopores of PMO, the mesopores can be blocked with a phase-change material (1-tetradecanol), which has a melting point of 38 39 C. down the stairs 1-tetradecanols melting point, it will be in a solid state to completely block the passing of encapsulated ibuprofen. When the temperature is raised beyond its melting point, it will quickly melt to release the encapsulated ibuprofen (heat control release). NIR light control release of doxorubicin in the emailprotected2mSiO2 section of the Janus nanocomposites Upon absorption of NIR light (980 nm), the UCNPs can emit photons in the UV/Vis region, which are absorbed immediately by the photo responsive azobenzene molecules. The reversible photoisomerization by simultaneous UV and visible light emitted by the UCNPs creates a continuous rotationinvers ion movement, and the doxorubicin molecules can be released from the mesopores of emailprotected2mSiO2.Novelty of the project proposalThe anisotropic growth induced route for the synthesis of silica based multi-functional Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites is proposed for the first time.Varieties of inorganic nanocrystals, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4), quantum dots (QDs), can be introduced to further functionalize the Janus nanocomposites.Dual-control drug relase system based on mesoporous silica is proposed for the first time. The mesopore channels of emailprotected2mSiO2 domains and PMO domains in multi-functional Janus nanocomposites can accommodate two kinds of drug molecules severally at the same time.Two kinds of switch molecules are design to realize dual-control release of the drug molecules independently for the first time.Task 1 Synthesis of the inorganic functional nanocrystals (NCs), including upconversion na noparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4), quantum dots (QDs), and so on. The synthesis of the inorganic nanocrystals will be carried out at organic solvent with high boiling point solvents such as 1-octadecylen via a solvothermal approach at a high temperature ( 300 C for UCNPs, 270 C for Fe3O4 NCs, 240 C for QDs) in presence of the surfactants (oleic acid, oleylamine, etc.). Some simple inorganic salts such as rare earth chloride, iron acetylacetonate, iron oleate, cadmium oleate, zinc oleate, etc. will be used as the inorganic precursors. The necessary characterization (i.e. TEM, XRD, PL, UV-Vis, VSM) will be used in the experiments.Task 2 Fabrication of the emailprotected2 emailprotected nanoparticles, including emailprotected2, Fe3O4SiO2, emailprotected2 and so on. Duo to the hydrophobic surface property of the obtained NCs, the emailprotected2 emailprotected nanoparticles will be synthesized with the reverse micro-emulsion method. The hydrophilic SiO2 layers in thi s objective are very necessary for the following syntheses and applications. Furthermore, SiO2 layers can also serve as a protective cover for the physical properties of the inorganic functional NCs, such as the fluorescences of UCNPs and QDs. Typically, the obtained inorganic NCs are dispersed in cyclohexane. Then polyoxyethylene (5) nonylphenyl ether (CO-520) and NH3.H2O are introduced to form reverse micro-emulsion. Finally, TEOS is introduced and hydrolysized at room temperature to form the emailprotected2 emailprotected nanoparticles. The necessary characterization (i.e. SEM and TEM) will be used in the experiments.Task 3 Fabrication of the emailprotected2mSiO2 emailprotectedshell nanoparticles. In this step, the radial mesoporous SiO2 will be synthesized with the Stber method in the presence of cationic surfactant such as CTAB. TEOS is used as a silica sources and hydrolysis in ethanol/water solution under alkaline condition (NH3.H2O) at room temperature. The necessary charact erization (i.e. BET, SEM, and TEM) will be used in the experiments.Task 4 Fabrication of the Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites (emailprotected2mSiO2-PMO). The orientation growth of the cubic mesostructure of mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials is the key factor for the formation of the silica-based Janus nanocomposites. In this step, organic silica precursors, such as bis(trieth-oxysilyl)benzene (BTEB), 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEE), bis(triethoxysilyl) ethylene (BTEEE), are used as the silica sources and hydrolysis in ethanol/water solution under alkaline condition (NH3.H2O) at room temperature in the presence of CTAB templates. By adjusting experimental parameters, the organic silica precursors can cooperative self-assembly with surfactant CTAB to form the ordered cubic mesostructured PMO crystals. Because the different mesostructures between emailprotected2mSiO2 (radial) and PMOs (cubic), the PMOs will epitaxy growth to form the emailprotected2mSiO2-PMO Janus structure instead of the emailprotected2mSiO2PMO emailprotectedemailprotected structure. The necessary characterization (i.e. BET, XRD, SEM, FL, VSM and TEM) will be used in the experiment.Task 5 The design and military rating of the dual-control drug release by using the obtained Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites. The dual-control drug release can be realized as following. Drug molecule (doxorubicin) loading in the emailprotected2 mSiO2 section of the Janus nanocomposites In this procedure, the inorganic functional nanocrystals are specified as NaGdF4Yb, Tm, UCNPs, which can emit photons in both UV ( 350 nm) and Visible ( 470 nm) region under NIR (980 nm) excitation. The mesopores of the emailprotected2mSiO2 nanoparticles are post-modified with azobenzene molecules by using N-(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl-4-phenylazobenzamide in ethanol at 80 C firstly. Both the loading and release of doxorubicin are regulated by the transcis photoisomerization of the azobenzene m olecules. So, not only the release but also the loading of doxorubicin should be processed under the UV and visible light at the same time, and the drug will be locked in the mesopores of emailprotected2mSiO2 domains in the Janus after the UV and visible light are removed. The doxorubicin molecules absorb on the surface and mesopores of PMO domains in the Janus can be washed off with water. Drug molecule (ibuprofen) loading in the PMO domains in the Janus nanocomposites and heat control release After the ibuprofen molecules are absorbed into the mesopores of PMO, the mesopores can be blocked with a phase-change material (1-tetradecanol), which has a melting point of 38 39 C. Below 1-tetradecanols melting point, it will be in a solid state to completely block the passing of encapsulated ibuprofen. When the temperature is raised beyond its melting point, it will quickly melt to release the encapsulated ibuprofen (heat control release). NIR light control release of doxorubicin in the emailprotected2mSiO2 domains in the Janus nanocomposites Upon absorption of NIR light (980 nm), the UCNPs emit photons in the UV/Vis region, which can be absorbed immediately by the photo responsive azobenzene molecules. The reversible photoisomerization by simultaneous UV and visible light emitted by the UCNPs creates a continuous rotationinversion movement, and the doxorubicin molecules can be released from the mesopores of emailprotected2mSiO2. The necessary characterization (i.e. UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and TEM) will be used in the experiments.

Self-Portrait Essay

Self-Portrait EssayMy netherstanding of the society I live in changes from day to day. When Obama was elected, I had extensive hopes for this country and that racial equality would finally balance out and that old prejudices would disappear Black people would get better jobs, everyone would be equal, and the Democrats would take anxiety of us and apprehend to it that my parents and their parents get a fair deal here in America. I had unrealistic expectations, like most young people. I did not realize that the economy would go down so quickly. But I have the encouragement of my family and church, to forge ahead and attain my goals.We are native Suirnamese people, southeasterly American, and my descendants are Indian. My parents brought me to America when I was four years old. I am nineteen years of age. Since I am fully Americanized and have grown up in America, I have never experienced immigrant prejudice my skin is light and I have no accent. I would have to track myself in the American society as a young egg-producing(prenominal) adult. I see myself in society as a young female trying to keep up with other females who are judged on their ability to look skilful, wear the right pilus styles that are contemporary, display stylish accessories and array on a daily basis, and keep the figure because fat people are discriminated against, openly, no matter what age they are. This society is health conscious, weight conscious, raiment conscious, designed brand conscious, body pamper conscious, sex conscious, and materialistic. I see myself as having to keep up with other females my age if not, I am excluded from genial events and activities that enjoy prominence in my community. If I dont have the right clothes for church benefits and extra-curricular activities in my social network, I am not accepted into the sort and it is a zero tolerance situation as far as young females are concerned. With regard to what is expected of me by other females, and how I see my own self-image, it is easier to go along with my peers and stay competitive with them, then it is to drop out of the social network, become an outsider and not be accepted by my age group. In order to stay popular, well-liked and trusted by my peers, I have to maintain the correct appearance so that I remain stipulation quo with the other young female adults who aspire to become educated, successful and financially secure.Theres no way to deny the immensity of high beauty standards in this country, today. maven cannot turn away from billboards, television ads, magazine pages, newspaper clips, or even video games that perpetuate the slender, perfect body with perfect long fingernails glamorous hair and make-up and sexy clothes that are clingy and revealing. Theres no way to get away from the broadcasts about fat Americans and European dislike for fat Americans and everywhere you turn, thither is someone behind you that looks like Madonna or any one of thousands of perfe ct role models flashing in the media. They are cultural heroes and their femininity is no longer denied. I guess that in order to rule the world, a woman has to be a Barbie doll so that she will gain solicitude from men even if she doesnt have the brains to go with it. Perhaps that is the message that women and advertisers are communicating in the 21st century. Furthermore, since society is so set on stressing the importance of a thin body and a gorgeous face, it is not a surprise that eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia to overcome the female vexation of becoming fat are on the rise today (Medias Effect on Girls, 2009, 1-4). They are what they consume, and it is killing them.Coming to America when I was four years old was a tremendous culture shock for my parents, but not for me. My mother never realized that female beauty could be so operose in exacted guidelines and standardized measurements as it is here in America. It is most puzzling how American women can subjec t themselves to such a biased standard of configuration. In my country of origin, Suriname, women are valued for their individuality and natural charm and beauty. We dont have a standard look of fashion beauty nor do we feel make or condemned to a life of copying what we see in magazines. Although we do have fads, as all countries do, our maturity lends to individual styles which are socially welcome and respected. There is no need for false imaging to gain social acceptance. However, this was the country my parents, grandparents and descendants grew up in. Over the years as I was increase up, my parents realized that they had to furnish me with everything my classmates had just to keep me from being bullied by classmates. Apparently, the influence of advertising in America is so persuasive that women cannot relate to themselves unless they emulate their point in time stars and media stereotypes. Female appearance is central in America, and according to Dr. Smith, professor of M arketing at the University of Wisconsin, ads with female models are usually for appearance-related products, and by the time girls reach adolescence, they delimit their image and envision their futures (Advertising Images of Girls, 1997, 2). Thus, advertising and media supports send messages that could limit their aspirations, undermine their self worth and endanger their health. Example body-pampering with soaps and washs that show lady (thin lady) in the shower, with long well-favored hair, perfect dimensions and perfect everything. Then she steps into a sexy little dress that she could not wear until she joined Jenny Craig and lost 25 pounds of unsuitable weight. Now she is perfect, acceptable, and the dress she is wearing can be bought at a Wal-Mart and the thin body can be purchased at Jenny Craig Diet Center, and the shampoo and soap can be purchased from any local discount store. So the advertisers are happy, the actors are rich, and the female viewer is frowning because she cant wear the snug little dress because she hasnt lost enough weight to fit into a size 5.The emphasis on female appearance tells American females that they are under pressure to be thin. On the other hand, this tells boys and men that women are supposed to be, above everything else, a pretty and perfect package and something to behold, but not necessarily to respect (Advertising Images of Girls, 1997, 2).All I can hope to accomplish as a young female adult is to fit in, get a good education and career, not rely on marriage to fulfill my identity, and keep a close affiliation with my church and community.BibliographyAdvertising Images of Girls and Women. (Fall 1997). A Report from Children Now. 1-5 obtainable on http//www.childrennow.org/media/medianow/mnfall1997.htmlMedias Effect on Girls Body Image and Gender Identity. (03 April 2009) 1-4. Available on http//www.medianfamily.org/facts/facts_mediaeffect.shtml

Poe’s The Black Cat and Hawthorn’s Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young

Poes The Black Cat and Hawthorns Young Good military man BrownIn Young Goodman Brown, Hawthorne analyzes the Puritans cognisance and the hidden wickedness of their nature. He takes a nave Puritan man and takes him on a journey into the dark woodwind to meet an old man whom we presume, is the devil. As the nave Puritan embarks on his journey, his wife Faith kisses him good bye. The Puritan has an overwhelming feeling of guilt as he is entering the forest to meet with the Devil. He realized what he is doing was forbidden and none of his fore becomes or fellow Puritans would ever commit such a sin. During his meeting with the Devil his navet dissolves. He sees Deacon Gookin, his old catechism teacher, and other upstanding members of the community, whom he looked up to and feared, dancing around the Devils fire. He is told that the Devil has helped his father and Grandfather in years past. His innocence is completely destroyed when he sees his own wife Faith dancing around the Devils c ircle . He screams in agony My faith is gone. There is no good on earth and sin is but a ...

Children in Malouf Essay -- essays research papers

Children take center stage in a lot of maloufs stories, but the memory of puerility is a deeper, more resonant thread throughout this collection. Pre adolescence, particularly the ages of nine or ten, carries enormous weight in the writers imagination. The light from his Brisbane childhood often illuminates his narrative, and the remembered landscape often illuminates his narrative, and the remembered landscape fills in the background, but it is the childs worldview that is the dominant concern. Malouf has talked about the kind of fluidity of your perceptions at that time which ar mostly un-judgmental, although he acknowledges the incredible strength with which convictions argon held. Most of the important questions about relationships and their foundations have begun to surface, yet the child is banished from the adult world at the equivalent time, instilling in them a sense of mystery about the milieu of grown-ups and an awareness of the boundary that exists between childhood and adolescence. Maloufs younger characters exhibit many of these qualities, spell the adults try to recapture the untrammeled joy of discovery they remember from their youth.Closer and Blacksoil Country are both told from the childs point of view. Although Jordan, the child in the latter story, is discovered to be a 150 year-old ghost, he shares Amys fierce loyalty to her family, despite any objections they may have their elders behavior. Both children are driven to heal familial wounds ...