Search for Innocence in American Modernism Essay -- Literature Essays

Search for Innocence in American Modernism      Ã‚   American Literature from its very beginning has been centered around a theme of innocence. The Puritans wrote about abandoning the corruption of Europe to find innocence in a new world. The Romantics saw innocence and power in nature and often wrote of escaping from civilization to return to nature. After the Civil War, however, the innocence of the nation is challenged. The Realists focused on the loss of innocence and in Naturalist works innocence is mostly gone. During these periods of American Literature it seems almost as if a hole was being dug, a sort of emptying of innocence, and after World War I the Modernists called this hole the wasteland Many Modernist works focus on society lost in the wasteland, but they hint at a way out. The path out of the wasteland is through a return to innocence. This is evident in the Modernist works of The wasteland by T. S. Eliot, "Directive" by Robert Frost, "Babylon Revisited" by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and "Hills Like White Elephants" by Earnest Hemingway as will be shown in an analysis of the inhabitants of the wasteland and their search for innocence, the role of children and pregnancy in the wasteland, and the symbolism of water and rebirth.    But before I go on, I believe that I should first clarify what I mean by "a return to innocence." First, there is some confusion between innocence and ignorance. They are often used interchangeably. Because a person is innocent, it does not mean that he or she is unaware of reality. Innocence is almost like a different type of view. A child and an adult may interpret a single thing entirely differently, but this does not mean that the adult knows more about that thing. Innocence is open ... ...ed society and only through the return of innocence can there be hope of anything better.    Works Cited Eliot, T.S. The wasteland. In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1991: 1447-1463.    Fitzgerald, F. Scott. "Babylon Revisited." In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1991: 1471-1485.    Frost, Robert. "Directive." In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1991: 1208-1209.    Hemingway, Ernest. "Hills Like White Elephants." In The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Volume II. Edited by Paul Lauter et al. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1991: 1471-1485.      

Lotus Car Rental Alternative Fuel Assessment Essay

Introduction The creation of a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be a wise decision for the Lotus Car Rental Company. There are two major issues that are on the minds of people these days, the environment and money. By creating a fleet of alternative fuel based automobiles the Lotus Rental Care Company can help ease the fears of people in both categories. By having the ingenuity to have a fleet of alternative fuel automobiles; the Lotus Car Rental will set themselves apart from the rest of the rental car companies. Lotus Car Care will be the leaders in environmentally safe car rentals. The following research paper will discuss the background of this topic, the costs of working with alternative fuel automobiles, the technical aspects of alternative fuel, the environmental aspects of alternative fuel as well as discuss some recommendations for the Lotus Car Rental Company. Background The Lotus Car Rental Company is looking into adding a fleet of alternative fuel sourced vehicles to their supply. Alternative fuel sourced vehicles are classified as being resources other than petroleum. A few of these sources are produced here locally and some are derived from renewable sources. They often produce less pollution than does gasoline. (â€Å"Alternative Fuel Vehicles†, 2012). Hybrids are also considered to be an alternative sourced vehicle. A Hybrid vehicle is one that utilizes more than one form of onboard energy to achieve propulsion (â€Å"Edmunds.com†, 2009). Financial Feasibility Several factors influence the financial feasibility of adding alternative fuel vehicles to the fleet: vehicle cost, maintenance, advertising, and return on investment. Additional considerations include: market share, future growth, and implementation cost. The first consideration is the cost of adding hybrid vehicles to fleet inventory. Individual vehicle cost ranges from $23,000 to $37,000 and the models available include Honda Civic, Volkswagen Jetta, Lincoln MKZ, and Lexus ES300H (Almeida, 2009). Fleet costs would be less depending on number of units purchased and vehicle upgrades. Lotus Rental Car’s rentals fall into three categories: economy, mid-size, and luxury. Based on a cursory review of Lotus Rental Car’s primary income producers, the number of hybrid vehicles added should fall within the three to five percent range for each category. The initial outlay should equal or be less than the number of vehicles within each specific category that will be retired within the purchase year. For instance, if ten percent of economy vehicles will be retired then five percent of the new vehicles purchased will be hybrid. By timing the introduction of the new hybrid vehicles with inventory retirement the initial cost outlay will be mitigated. The anticipated maintenance costs will be similar to the previous year’s cost and no change is expected. Income from vehicles retired is expected to equal the same percentage as non-hybrid automobiles and will not constitute a negative financial impact. Advertising is a major consideration, although the cost is not expected to increase. Target markets will be in major cities where Lotus Rental Car’s already has a large presence. Urban centers with environmentally conscious drivers are the best place to begin a new hybrid product line. Adding information regarding the new line to existing websites provides maximum exposure with minimal cost. Other markets include environmentally conscious corporate businesses that already have a corporate account with Lotus. Market share and future growth is connected to advertising and return on investment. The implementation costs are minimal. The monthly return on investment is tied to advertising, environmental activity, and rental cost. Advertising includes national campaigns and local markets. The rental market incorporates online sales and local customers. The majority of travelers will book a rental vehicle prior to arriving at the rental company. Pricing will play an important factor in a rental commitment. Up-sale will increase income potential. Economy vehicles rentals begin at $9.99 and increase, depending on the current sales program. The cost may decrease, depending on the number of days booked, special pricing, and additional sale of navigation, XM radio, and infant seats. However, the average rental price for an economy vehicle is $29.99 per day and hybrid vehicles rent from $65.99 to $159 per day. The return on investment per day would range from $35 to $129. It is clear the automotive industry is offering a variety of hybrid vehicles in response to customer demand. The future of the automotive industry includes alternative fuel vehicles of all models. As the automotive industry embraces hybrid sales that increase their market share, so should the vehicle rental industry. Entry into a new product line will have higher costs than non-alternative vehicles until the product becomes well immersed into the market. In the case of hybrid vehicles it is prudent that Lotus Rental Car adds hybrid vehicles to their urban centers and joins the environmental movement along with major vehicle manufacturers. It is clear that as time passes, a portion of new business will gravitate toward rental car companies that offer alternative fuel vehicles. Lotus Rental Car company will lose future market share and the expense of entering the hybrid market will increase if Lotus Rental Car company enters the market after its competitors (Schueneman, 2009). Technical Aspects One of the many advantages of owning a hybrid vehicle is saving money at the pump. Unlike your standard gas running car, this on average would do about 21 mpg highway and city driving. Hybrids on average are doing 30 mpg highway and city. An article written on nationalgeographic.com it shows the actual fuel saving over a year span â€Å"The average American driver between the ages of 34 and 55 drives 15,291 miles annually. Divide this annual mileage figure by 21 miles to the gallon for the standard model, and you will find that you would buy about 728 gallons of gasoline a year. In contrast, if you divide the annual miles figure by 30 for the hybrid, you would determine that the annual gas purchase would be of about 510 gallons. You would save 218 gallons of gas a year with the hybrid. Multiply this by a conservative $3.50 a gallon for a dollar savings of $763. By selecting the hybrid over the standard model, you would make up for the $5,560 difference in sticker price in seven to eight years. Subtract the maximum tax incentive and you could recoup the $2,160 difference in less than three years. Thus, in this example, you would save money either by paying full price and driving your hybrid for more than eight years, or by driving it for more than three years with a tax credit.†(Nationalgeographic.com by Lynne Haley Rose). So although the price tag is little higher on hybrids you will easily make your money back in the gas savings. Most people may think,† Yeah, you save on gas, but don’t get the as much horsepower when you purchase a hybrid vehicle.† The idea of combining electric and gas does seem to leave much room for speed and maneuverability. This assumption is not true; yes hybrids do have smaller gas engines, but they make it up with their electric engine. Coupled with the gas engine, the electric engine can send power to various parts of the car, mainly the wheels. This is a very good advantage over standard horsepower, because it could actually supply more power to the car; which increases its speed. With all this talk about horsepower and speed, we begin to think about maintaining a hybrid car. Once again, just because it’s a hybrid doesn’t mean it’s more expensive. Most of the basic normal maintenance requirements like oil changes and tune ups cost about the same as standard cars. They even have their own perks. A standard car requires an oil change every 3,000 miles; whereas hybrids are every 6,000 miles. One of the most expensive items on a hybrid is the car’s battery; which can run you up to 3,000 dollars. Don’t let this number scare you, because these batteries have no real recorded life expectancy â€Å"a long time† is what I kept seeing in my research. As said in (8 Reasons to Buy a Hybrid Car) â€Å"There’s no difference between a hybrid and the gas-powered car parked in your garage — it can accelerate just as quickly and cruise just as fast on the highway, and it handles just as smoothly. Most important, hybrids are just as safe to drive.† (By Alan Rider Parents.com). Hybrids have come a long way since the first Prius 10 years ago. They’ve excelled in mpg, horsepower and style. There are a number of hybrids out there now and many styles to choose from in the standard and luxury lines. As far a comfortable ride, hybrids and standard cars are the same. Now, of course, if you go out and get a Lexus hybrid you’re going to have more luxuries than if you purchased a Toyota hybrid. Most cars you get know have all of the technical capabilities available and if they don’t they can be added. Technology will not stop growing and with that so will the new age of hybrids. Environmental Aspects Petroleum based fuels can create harmful emissions like carbon dioxide; nitrous oxides, and particulate matter, all of which degrade the environment (â€Å"5 things you need to know about alternative fuel vehicles,† 2008). These methane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and other gasses are known as greenhouse gases. When these gasses build up they contribute to global warming. HybridCar.org claims that Hybrid vehicles produce 80 percent less greenhouse gases than conventional fuel based vehicles (â€Å"Hybrid Cars And Pollution†, 2005). Toxicity is another problem with petroleum fuel based vehicles. The producing of some forms of alternative fuels can create fewer toxins than those produced by traditional fuel vehicles. For instance, biodiesel is a fuel that is created from leftover vegetation like corn stalks. Biodiesel is biodegradable and non-toxic which makes it safe for the environment. Noise pollution is also a form of pollution. Car engines can produce 110 decibels of noise, which is twice as loud as a normal conversation.. The noise will come from the fuel pump, pistons and compressors that create the combustion and cycle the fuel. Vehicles with alternative fuel sources such as hydrogen fuel cells will produce no sound or vibration as they require no moving parts to produce fuel. Recommendations The research has shown that a fleet of alternative fuel sourced vehicles would be the best idea for everyone involved. The positive feedback generated by offering this fleet of vehicles would be astounding. The market for rental cars with alternative fuel capabilities is very small and the Lotus Car Rental Company would have the market cornered. The cost of maintain a fleet of these vehicles are no different than that of petroleum fueled vehicles. The consumer that is able to rent these vehicles will also benefit by being able to save more money on energy for the vehicle. The environment will also benefit from this addition to the Lotus Car Rental fleet. The amount of pollution and emissions that can be cut back will be helpful to the surrounding community and the future generations to grow up in the community. Conclusion The creation of a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be a wise decision for the Lotus Car Rental Company. After conducting much research, the decision to incorporate a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles would be in the best interest of the public as well as the company. The research has shown the monetary benefits, the technical benefits as well as the environmental benefits of acquiring a fleet of alternative fuel sourced automobiles. The benefits of having a positive company reputation are enormous. Having an environmentally friendly car rental company has the potential of being a lucrative decision. Living a green lifestyle has become an important thing in this day and age. The Lotus Car Rental Company will have cornered the market by having an entire fleet of environmentally friendly automobiles. References Alternative fuel vehicles. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/current.shtml Edmunds.com. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.edmunds.com/fuel-economy/what-is-a-hybrid-car-how-do-hybrids-work.html Almeida, A. (2009, August 13). Average Cost of a Hybrid Car. Retrieved from CarsDirect: http://www.carsdirect.com/car-pricing/whats-the-average-cost-of-a-new-hybrid-car Schueneman, T. (2009, February 12). Enterprise Rent-a-Car Adds 5000 Hybrids to its Fleet of Fuel Efficient Cars. Retrieved from sustainablog: http://sustainablog.org/2009/02/enterprise-rent-a-car-adds-5000-hybrids-to-its-fleet-of-fuel-efficient-cars/ 5 things you need to know about alternative fuel vehicles. (2008, July). greencar.com, (), . Retrieved from http://www.greencar.com/articles/5-things-need-alternative-fuel-vehicles.php Hybrid cars and pollution. (2005). Retrieved from http://www.hybrid-car.org/hybrid-cars-pollution.html

Pros and Con E Commerce Essay - 3852 Words

Pros and Cons of E-Commerce â€Å"The web is the ultimate customer empowering environment. He or She who clicks the mouse gets to decide everything. It is so easy to go elsewhere; all the competitors in the world are but a mouse click away.† Jacob Nielsen, Designing Web Usability. There are many Pros and Cons when it comes to e- commerce. The use of the internet e commerce has grown drastically in recent years. E commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services on the internet. Even though there are tangible privacy and security issues that keep people on guard, consumers face a dilemma each time they need to divulge highly personal information online, the ability to provide secure shopping transaction via the internet and†¦show more content†¦One of the worst problems for consumers is unauthorized access to their financial information. Criminals are able to access this information and steal their identity and steal their money and open up credit card accounts. Phishing is anot her security risk where criminals send emails messages to consumers in reference to online stores and banking. E-commerce services are driven by money and attract hackers trying to find some kind of loophole to steal bits of information from the company or the individual. The email looks real to the consumer and when the consumer reacts to the email and input their information there account is hacked. Data theft has increased 33% in 2010 according to the Identity Theft Resource Center, â€Å"Corporations are not yet taking identity theft and data breach seriously enough to properly train their employees, executives, and board on the BOTTOM-LINE DESTRUCTION caused by data breach.† The survey goes on to state â€Å"According to the same study, the average cost for a business to recover from a data breach is $6.75 Million. The average cost to implement identity theft, social engineering and data breach training? In most cases, less than $50,000. What is E-Commerce? David Burt â€Å"states that â€Å"E-Commerce is an enabler, not a replacement for the essential human aspect of buyer-supplier relationship.† E-Commerce allows companies to conduct business on theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pros and Cons of E-Commerce556 Words   |  3 Pages Pros and Cons of E-Commerce nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Electronic commerce or e-commerce involves the buying and selling of products or services over the internet. Put simply, e-commerce means conducting business online. E-commerce software programs run the main functions of an e-commerce web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. This software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. 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Pros and Cons of Taking the Clothing Store Online According to Schniederjans Cao (2002), e-Commerce is the exchange transactions which take place over the Internet primarily using digital technology. Basically, e-Commerce has in the recent past benefited greatly from recent developments in technology including theRead MoreHow Business With The Right E Commerce Platform Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Start Small Business with the Right E-commerce Platform You have all what it takes to start a business, from creativity, hard work to determination and what not. Yet, you feel helpless because you don’t have one most important thing, MONEY! Now what? Gone are the days when you have to take a large amount of loan from a bank to start your business. Thanks to the technology that makes it way too easy to earn money online. Whether you are a home maker with a desire to show your creativity toRead MoreBackground. 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The pros are; they are resourceful at managing document, and give him or her the ability to document and sign forms right then and there. The iCloud program allows the personnel to store customersRead MoreUsing The Latest Trends Of Business Processes1142 Words   |  5 Pagesreal-world conundrums faced by entrepreneurs. This paper first illustrates the benefits of incorporating the aforementioned trends into small-scale businesses, and then moves on to list and to discuss its disadvantages. Lastly, the paper weighs the pros and cons of using the latest trends of business processes. All arguments provided in the paper are based on the depicted scenario. Other assumptions made by the author of this paper are included to provide a more elaborate and thorough discussion of theRead MoreTh e New Healthcare Reform Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesallowing its entire people to receive proper medical attention regardless of income sounds like the fix-all problem for America. 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One of the cons of pure play companiesRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Using The Web As A Distribution Channel1225 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion Assignment Unit 7 What are the pros and cons of using the Web as a distribution channel? Are there any situations where it is inappropriate for a company to establish an e-commerce site? Be prepared to defend your answers to your peers. There are many advantages and disadvantages of using the internet as a distribution channel. First, while the internet makes it easy for customers to look for information about a product, read reviews, and form a general idea about what to buy and where

Juveniles Being Tried as Adults - 1328 Words

Throughout the past 30 years or so, the idea of a juvenile or teenager being tried as an adult has been a very controversial issue. When a juvenile commits a very heinous crime, many believe that that youth deserves to be tried as an adult, and given a full sentence. Some even believe that these juveniles deserve to go to adult prison. When a child kills, does he instantly become an adult? Or does he maintain some trappings of childhood, despite the gravity of his actions? (Reaves Para 1). What draws the line between a juvenile and adult crime? Sentencing shouldnt change between a juvenile and an adult. Our criminal justice system should stay true to its title and provide justice for all of those that may have been effected by a murder†¦show more content†¦Many Researchers believe that by the age of fourteen, an adolescent has the same ability as an adult to make a competent decision, nevertheless, according to some observers, a juveniles ability to theoretically understand the difference between right and wrong does not mean that she or he should be held to the same standards of competency as an adult (Gaines and Miller 508). While many believe that juveniles should not be tried as adults, just as many believe the opposite. As stated earlier, juvenile crime has seen a great increase in the late 2000s. Can trying them as adults help fix our problem? Will these youths be able to see that there is a chance at extended consequences and choose not to commit the crime because of that? Everyone needs to be held accountable for their actions. Murder is something that is very taboo in our society, and most children can positively see the consequences of it. When you take someones life, there are major repercussions to that. Why should your age change that? If a child were to commit a murder, and walked away uncharged, how would that help them? They would view the criminal justice system as a joke. Why wouldnt you move on to worse crime if you know that there w ill be no consequences to it? When a child makes an adult decision, then why shouldnt they be charged as an adult? You cant say that a child doesnt know what theyre doing when they decide to take someones life. We are all taught to fearShow MoreRelatedJuveniles Being Tried As Adults1238 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Juveniles Being Tried as Adults† There are articles or news reports every once and a while about juveniles committed heinous crimes, but not serving any real time for the crime. Juveniles or even adults should not serve a few years for murder or rape. Murderers, rapists and other criminals are being released from jail every day after serving only very short sentences for their heinous crimes. (Source #1) Who are these criminals and what makes them so special? The criminals are juveniles who commitRead MoreJuveniles Being Tried as Adults1057 Words   |  5 PagesShould Minors Who Commit Violent Crimes Be Tried As Adults? Thesis Statement Many adults come up with many reasons why youth involve themselves with acts of violence, there is never an actual answer to why they committed the crime, but the question of why they are being tried as an adult. Vicious misconduct is well-defined by the Division of Juvenile Justice as â€Å"murder, rape, severe attacks, and theft. These are all actions that sound terrible and cause for harsh consequences. Unluckily, thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Juveniles Being Tried As Adults Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesJuveniles in Jeopardy The Effects of Juveniles Being Tried as Adults Crime and punishment seems to be the hot topic in modern society. People from different age ranges go to different levels of prison, depending on what they have done. Sometime juveniles are tried and sent to prisons suited for adult crimes if it’s serious enough. Should we tried juveniles as adults if the criminal act is severe enough? What impact does it have on the juveniles? Would juveniles being tried as adults than being triedRead MoreJust Mercy Essays : Juveniles Being Tried As Adults1407 Words   |  6 Pagesto Bryan Stevenson’s â€Å"Just Mercy† stories of juveniles being tried as adults, Jason Zeidenberg in the article â€Å"The Risks Juveniles Face When They Are Incarcerated with Adults† strongly emphasizes the dangers and consequences that juveniles face when they are tried as adults. Zeidenberg states the consequences of juveniles being raped, assaulted, committing suicide and the effects of being victimized. Children who are housed in the sam e facility as Adults is not a good idea nor a good mix, accordingRead MoreJuveniles Should Be Legal For Adult Courts1528 Words   |  7 Pagesor not juveniles should receive waivers to adult court. There are three methods that are used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Juvenile waiver, statutory exclusion, and Concurrent Jurisdiction are the three different methods used to transfer a juvenile to adult court. Statutory exclusion is when the juvenile is transferred immediately to the adult court. Concurrent Jurisdiction is when the juvenile may be tried as an adult and a juvenile at once. Throughout all three methods juvenile waiverRead MoreEssay on Juveniles Tried as Adults843 Words   |  4 PagesFinal : Question #1 A juvenile being tried as an adult is a very sensitive and controversial issue over the past years. 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Whether or not they have a psychological disadvantage, how they were raisedRead MoreShould The Texas Criminal Justice System Be Legal?1375 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice system be able to charge juveniles as adults in trials when faced with serious charges? Prosecutors are using both sides of this argument to their advantage. In Texas, the Juvenile Law states that, â€Å"a juvenile is defined as a person who is not old enough to be held responsible for criminal acts.† In order for a juvenile to be tried as an adult, a prosecutor can use one of many ways to go about this. One way prosecutors can proceed, in trying the juvenile as an adult, is by exercising the 2011 SenateRead More Juvenile Offenders Should be Tried as Adults for Violent Crimes544 Words   |  3 Pagesviolent crimes, the question of whether they should be tried as adults has arisen. Children as young as 13 or 14 are committing violent crimes such as murder, rape, and armed robbery. Some of these children are being tried as adults while others are being tried as juveniles and receiving milder punishments. A juvenile offender may receive a few years in a juvenile detention facility and possibly probation following his release at age eighteen. An adult committing the same violent crime will receive a muchRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tr ied as Adults? Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages29, 2012 Should Juveniles be tried as Adults? There are many controversies that surround juveniles being rehabilitated rather than going through the adult justice system, but studies show that juveniles are not fully developed to be tried as an adult. One of the main questions that it always boils down to is â€Å"should juveniles be tried as adults?† in my opinion juveniles should not be tried as adults because of their age. First, I believe that juveniles should not be tried as adults because their mentalities

Experiment On The Color Purple - 1762 Words

Section 1: Introduction and Guiding Question: In an experiment attempting to make 1-Liter (L) of Pirate-Purple (P-P) dye solution, an experimenter must first understand how the color purple was made. The color purple was created through a mixture of the two primary colors blue and red. During the pre-lab for the experiment, the experimenters were given two dyes: Blue 1 (B1) and Red 3 (R1). Using the stock dyes given, the experimenters were required to create serial dilutions of each dye. A solution was a â€Å"homogenous mixture of two or more substances,† which was necessary to know as the pre-lab of the experiment focuses on creating solutions of varying concentrations, understanding molarity, and how absorbance allows experimenters to†¦show more content†¦An analytical wavelength was the wavelength at which a color of the visible light spectrum will experience the strongest absorption, and the less diluted solutions with higher concentrations will absorb more of th e transmitted light. Once the B1 and R3 dyes have their absorbencies calculated, the experiments can then attempt to answer the guiding question, â€Å"how could you make 1-L of Pirate-Purple dye solution?† The guiding question was related to the background information because the background information was necessary to use absorbency and molarity to understand how to make 1-L of Pirate-Purple dye solution. Absorbency can be used to find molarity by using an equation for the slope of a graph made during the pre-lab which describes the relationship between concentration and absorbency, the equation was ( y=m(x)+b). In the equation, (y=absorbance), (x=moles), (m=slope), and (b=concentration). By rearranging the equation into: (x=((y-b))/m), which allows the experimenters to calculate moles from absorbency. Using the newly made equation, experimenters can use the given molar mass of B1 dye: 792.84 g/mol and the given molar mass of R3 dye: 879.83 g/mol to calculate the ratio of B1 and R3 dyes to create the three given P-P dye solutions given. The goal of the experiment was to determine the absorbency of B1 and R3 dye in each sample given P-P dyes and then by using dimensional analysis to convert absorbency into moles then into molarShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Color On Carbonic Acid Levels1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe effects of color on carbonic acid levels Mustafa Abdalla Alberto Moreno, D’Mario Robinson, Alexis Downey, Mong Trinh Doan Biology 1441, Section 055; Prof. Corey Roelke; October 14th, 2014. Abstract: Different colors of light affect the development of plants in different ways. The rate of photosynthesis of each plant will differ depending on the color of the light that is emitted on it. 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Benchmarking and Lean Six Sigma

Question: Discuss about the Benchmarking and Lean Six Sigma. Answer: Introduction: Benchmarking for any organization is an approach to measure the quality of the guidelines, goods and the tactics that a company uses which is further compared with the standard measurement or with the same measurement of its peers (Business Dictionary, 2017). Main objective of benchmarking process is to identify that where exactly improvements are required in the organization and it also helps in evaluating the performance level of other organization and then use this approach to increase the performance of the company (Wood, 2009). It can also be defined as a practice used by business to compare the significant metrics with other similar companies (Rowena, 2011). This approach can be used by all the companies, be it private, public or any industries such as technological, educational and many others. There are many companies that use either positions or offices that take charge of the benchmarking in the organization. These positions are of researchers which include both institution al as well as market researcher. Other positions include the information officer, consultant, and the data and business analysts. Companies basically use this technique to become more competitive as they can easily analyze their performance and can improve their operations by comparing with different company. Some different kinds of benchmarking are peer benchmarking, SWOT analysis, collaborative benchmarking and by the best practices of different organization (Ifeoluwa and Yinchang, 2010). There is another method which helps in increasing the performance of the organization and that is Lean Six Sigma technique (Jesse, 2017). Lean six sigma is basically a combination of Lean and Six sigma which is an improvement method. These both methods together give a better result than used individually (Brady and Allen, 2006). When these two methods are combined it gives a wide-ranging tool to increase the speed of any process in the organization which results into the increase in revenue, reduction in costs and improvement in teamwork (Pepper and Speeding, 2010). Lean basically creates value for the customers by minimizing the waste and six sigma reduces the defects by just successfully resolving the problems in the organization. And together it solves the problems and improves the process (George, Dave and Amy, 2007). Six sigma also reduces the quantity of substandard products that are manufactured and provides the satisfaction to the customer (Thoms and Okafor, 2008). Now days it is very common for an organization to face the rising costs and competition every day, so this method sanctions the organization to figh t these problems and helps in the improvement of business (Qun, 2013) There are many benefits that an organization enjoys by using this method and these are, it increases the profit and decreases the cost by removing waste from the process, improves the efficiency and the effectiveness of the process, develops effective employee by involving them in the enhancement process and develops a sagacity of ownership for the employees (Assarlind, Gremyr, and Bckman, 2012). Both the benchmarking and lean six sigma techniques can be applied to business change process. Benchmarking involves several steps that help in the change of the business process. These steps are custom-made based on the policies of the company, funds and the projects that organization is dealing with (Ronald, 2010). First step involves the understanding of the companys current process performance, as it helps in deciding where benchmarking is required. Second step should be from the leadership team as there should be proper support and approval as this will assist and provide adequate resources and will accelerate the benchmark process. Third step is all about the document benchmarking which sets the objective and scope for the organization which is essential for any project. Forth step involves the documentation of the current process as without the knowledge of current process all the time and resources will be wasted in collecting process documentation, and there will also be difficulty in comparing the collected benchmarking data with the requirements. Fifth step involves the benchmarking measurements that are used for the comparisons so that gap between the current performance and that of the partner organizations can be determined. In this step organization has to agree on the primary metrics. In the sixth step all the metrics should be put in the writing which includes the requirements involved in the measurements, what has to be measured and what not. Next step involves the agreement in which everyone must be involved on what to benchmark. Further a plan has to be developed to collect data and research sources are identified which will initiate the data gathering. Next step includes the designing of screening which has to be surveyed to assist with partner selection and then screening of companies takes place. Information about the companies is gathered and is met with the original objectives that will determine the performance gaps. Last step involves the implementation of plan with the process owner so that successful business process change c an occur (CGMA, 2017). Lean six sigma technique can also be applied for the business change process. This process is an effective methodology that is used to fix the problems and includes 5 phases. In the first phase, problem is defined and the requirements needed to satisfy the customer is also demarcated. Second phase involves the collection of data of the current process and is measured. Third phase is important as it includes the investigation on what causes the problems in the organization. Next phase includes the improvement process in which implementation of plan takes place which will solve the problem. And last phase includes the control on that implementation results which should be sustainable. This process works for all the businesses whether it is small or large and same success can be achieved within both the large and small organization. This process provides benefit to the organization as it improves the customer loyalty. By implementing this method there is a reduction in the risk of havin g dissatisfied customers. It also helps in the time management as employees manage their time effectively which results into a more competent business. This method also plays an integral role in the strategic planning of the business and even helps in the supply chain management (Harris, 2013). There are many organizations that have used benchmarking and lean six sigma methods to improve their processes. One such company is Microsoft. This company realized that there has to be change in the business structure and the processes that a company uses in order to make improvements. One of the senior managers VP understood that Microsofts sales and marketing division could be made more competent by using six sigma methods. The senior manager observed the issues when he was reviewing the annual budget but he wanted to prove it empirically before any change could be made. Hence he asked for the data from the travel office so that he could track the overstated payments and the unapproved charges employees made in a month. After the results were revealed he was surprised to know that the results were in a positive way and the sales staff of Microsoft was honest enough towards the organization and the overstated charges were only few dollars. Now VP was ready to implement the change. His new policy stated that the sales staff could only submit their expenses through credit cards and there would not be any review and the staff would get back their expenses in two days rather than getting in ten days. Consistent performance is corrupted by the variations. Therefore, experts should identify variations by using lean six sigma and reduce it whenever possible. But a company like Microsoft who recruits number of staff every year did not have time for implementing new processes. Improvements in an organization while changing business process can only be achieved by valid measurements and data and this explains that the process of investigation must be backed up by the accurate data and the facts. This changed process should benefit the customers, identify and should be able to understand the value stream and manage the flow of the process. All the non-value waste should be removed and the improvement activity should be passed on in a systematic way. After the six sigma review, VP decided to concentrate on the micro issues that company was facing. He identified that the filing expenses was complex and company was able to reduce the staff that were getting expenses by 25 percent. Hence it was recommended that sales staff were only required to pay expenses by credit cards. Ever decision in the organization has some risks which should be calibrated before making a decision. And there are also chances that when a change is occurred in the company it can end up creating more waste than efficiency which can be reduced with the help of lean six sigma. In this case study of Microsoft it was noticed that VP was taking a risk by implementing this method. VP was leaving the expenses system to abuse by reducing the stages of expenses process which also included the checks and the balances. Here it is also important to note that the new process was also implemented successfully as VP commissioned further more checks and it was also revealed from the internal au dit that there was no rise in the overstated expenses. This is how Microsoft used lean six sigma and managed to bring out the change in the business (Gordon, 2015). There are also many organizations that can use either benchmarking or lean six sigma model to change in their process. One such company is Motorola that has to develop some change in their process. Many customers have issues with this company related to time as Motorola does not deliver products on time and is unresponsive company to do business with. Hence Motorola should benchmark from Dominos pizza or Federal Express so that there is improvement in the delivery process. Motorola should implement the Total Cycle Time as the process which is taking three weeks to complete will only take one week. Hence Motorola should adopt benchmark process. First a company should decide what exactly they want to benchmark and then there should be any change in the organization. Motorola should understand the current performance of their organization and should analyze as where a change is required and then follow the strategies of other companies (Wheelen, Thomas and Krish, 2006). For this there should be a proper planning of what has to be benchmarked and how it should be benchmarked. This planning should be well planned and has to be in favor of the company because many times when an organization tries to implement change in their business it backfires the company itself. So Motorola should plan before implementing any change in their organization (Quality Magazine, 2003). As Motorola is having issues with the time so they should study other organization practices and the systems which they want to benchmark. Dominoes is very virtuous with their delivery so Motorola should benchmark this company and follow the same practices what they uses so that there will be less issues with timings (Word press, 2008). To follow the strategies of dominoes, Motorola should gather the data of their company as well as the benchmark company and then a comparison should be made so that it becomes easier and clear for the company to follow the strategies of other companies. And at the Motorola should use the findings and use them in order to enjoy the benefits of the change process in the business. There are many benefits that Motorola might enjoy if benchmark is practiced as there will be reduction in cost and productivity of this company will also increase. Beside all this there will be also be long term benefits which are improved quality of the organization. This will surely help Motorola company to maintain the quality products of their company and delivery of the products will also be improved. Benchmarking will also help Motorola to identify the gap between the present situation of the company and where it would like to be upcoming years. There are many types of benchmark that Motorola can use and it is up to the top management what they prefer for the company and the benchmarking that management uses will definitely be beneficial for the company it is applied correctly. If Motorola has to be competitive in market then it should follow benchmarking and achieve the world class competitive capabilities. References Assarlind, M. Gremyr, I. and Bckman, K. (2012),"Multi-faceted views on a Lean Six Sigma application". International Journal of Quality Reliability Management. Vol. 29 Iss: 1 pp. Brady, J.E. and Allen, T.T. (2006) Six sigma literature: a review and agenda for future research". Quality and Reliability Engineering International. Vol. 22, pp. 335-67. Business Dictionary, (2017). Benchmaking. [Online] Business Dictionary. Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/benchmarking.html. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. CGMA. (2017) Benchmarking. [Online] CGMA. Available at: https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/essential-tools/pages/benchmarking.aspx. [Accessed on: 27/17/01]. George, B. Dave, L. and Amy, B. (2007) "Using a Lean Six Sigma approach to drive innovation". Strategy Leadership. Vol. 35 Iss: 2 pp. 5 10. Gordon, J. (2015) How Lean Six Sigma can improve your business. [online] The Leadership Network. Available at: https://theleadershipnetwork.com/article/lean-manufacturing/lean-six-sigma. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. Harris, A. (2013) 6 unexpected ways Six Sigma can benefit your company. [Online] PEX. Available at: https://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/lean-six-sigma-business-transformation/articles/6-ways-six-sigma-can-benefit-your-company. [Accessed on: 24/01/17]. Ifeoluwa, A. and Yinshang, T. (2010) The Adoption of Benchmarking Principles for Project Management Performance Improvement. International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies (IJMPICT). Vol. 1, No. 2. Jesse, W. B. (2017) Improving Lean Six Sigma Process with Lean Six Sigma. [Online] i Six Sigma. Available at: https://www.isixsigma.com/implementation/deployment-structure/improving-lean-six-sigma-process-lean-six-sigma/. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. Pepper, M.P.J. and Spedding, T.J. (2010) "The evolution of lean Six Sigma", International Journal of Quality Reliability Management. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research. Volume 4, Issue 5. Quality Magazine, (2003. Motorola: A Tradition of Quality. [Online] Quality Magazine. Available at: https://www.qualitymag.com/articles/84187-motorola-a-tradition-of-quality. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. Qun, Z. (2013) Lean Six Sigma: A Literature Review. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business. Vol 3, No 10. Ronald, D. Snee, (2010). "Lean Six Sigma - getting better all the time". International Journal of Lean Six Sigma. Vol. 1 Iss: 1 pp. 9 29. Rowena, S. (2011) Benchmarking: A Literature Review. [online] Edith Cowan University. Available at: https://intranet.ecu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/357193/Benchmarking-Literature-Review.pdf. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. Thoms, A. B.R. and Okafor, C. (2008) "Applying lean six sigma in a small engineering company a model for change". Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Vol. 20 Iss: 1 pp. 113 129. Wheelen, L. Thomas, DHJ. and Krish, R. (2006) Strategic Management and Business Policy. 9th edition. Pearson Education. Wood, B. (2009) 7 Steps to Better Benchmarking. [Online] Business Finance. Available at: https://businessfinancemag.com/business-performance-management/7-steps-better-benchmarking-0. [Accessed on: 27/01/17]. Word Press, (2008) Total Quality Management. [Online] Word Press. Available at: https://totalqualitymanagement.wordpress.com/2008/09/12/benchmarking/. [Accessed on: 27/01/17].

Promotion Essays - Marketing, Communication Design, Merchandising

Promotion Our communication objectives are to get a geographic coverage. We want people to know that our retail store is near them. People tend to shop at places near their home and work. We will be determining our communication budget based on how many people have entered the store and purchased something. If out initial budget is 5000$ and sales have increased to 6000-7000$ than will increase our budget and expand our frequency. Once sales have stayed the same then we will adjust the budget to what our highest peak of sales were with minimal budget. The effectiveness will be based on sales and how many people have actually visited the stores since our launch of our marketing campaign. The message will be along the lines of getting people to know what the retail store is and where they can find it on a short 30 second ad. We will be sending out these messages through the radio since we can be sure that the people listening are people who live around the area. Radio is cheap and gets us a frequency and reach. The timing of this message will take place from Monday to Friday, twice a day. One at 7am and another at 5pm, which is when the traffic on the radio is high in order to get more reach. Our sales promotion will consist of having a weekly promotion on different cars. For example, one week will have a sale on all Dodge cars and another week will have all Ford cars on sale. This will have people looking forward towards the next week's sale. This will encourage traffic flow in the store to have people constantly coming to visit the retail store for collectors.