Impact of External Environment on Apple Operations Essay

Impact of External milieu on Apple Operations - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, the company internal factors that fig up from outside effects include strong brand name, diversified product portfolio, strong management squad and mergers. To remain competitive and address the weaknesses of the poor relationship with the major competitor, it is imperative for the company to form to a greater extent mergers with a large company such as Dell. In the same way, the company should utilize the lendable grocery store opportunities by advertising its products through social sites such as facebook and twitter. This is in addition to establishing more sales outlets in the developing countries.One of the vital strategies that firms adapt to face off stiff controversy in the contemporary business arena is the use of well-designed merchandise plan that takes into consideration the effects of external environment on the operations of a firm. One of the companies that have attained a competit ive benefit due to its effective marketing strategies is Apple Incorporation. Apple Inc. is an international company that deals with marketing and designing of computing machines computer hardware and software as well as household electronics products. Earlier on, the company was referred to as Apple computer incorporation (Adam, 2012). Apple Inc. which is headquartered in the US is well known for the quality and high-tech brands that have revolutionized communication. This marketing audit analyzes the impact of external environment on Apple operations by reflecting the current market situation of the company.The company is focused on becoming the market leader in the electronic and engineering industry globally. According to the former chief executive officer, Mr. Steve Jobs, computers provided by Apple should be on all(prenominal) desk in the next 8 years. Apple Company will persist in offering modernistic and revolutionized brands to its customer to meet their short term and long term demands.

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops Dissertation

Bilingualism and How Communication Develops - Dissertation fountThe ability to learn a wrangle involves many areas of the brain. The association areas located in the parietal lobe with connections to the lay and occipital areas are involved in linguistic communication experiences by functionally facilitating a variety of language-related behaviours much(prenominal) as vision, body awareness, touch, spatial orientation, verbal comprehension, localisation of objects in space, abstract and complex cognitive functions of numerical reasoning and formulation of logical thoughts stemming from visual experiences (Lezak, 1997). This area of the brain was termed this association area in the parietal lobe as the association area of association areas while others named this association area the cortex (Lezak, 1997). The right cerebral hemisphere is also involved when organizing a narrative, an expression and during recognition of emotion in the tone of voice as well as regulation of rhythm and intonation of speech.The specialization of the left field hemisphere in language processing, neuronal systems used for grammatical, semantic and lexical processing have been found to be affected by early language experiences (Carlson, 2001). Studies also indicate that right hemisphere involvement is present since much of the language processing requires spatial location, motion and specialization and differentiation of these neuronal circuits are related to the proficiency of the language.It is cognise that verbal behavior is lateralized and the functions of the left hemisphere are more specialized for the analysis of sequential stimuli such as speech. Speech consists of sounds arranged into sequences of words. Cortical language areas primarily associated with localization of language-related functions are on the left hemisphere around the Sylvian fissure, inferior frontal lobe which harbors Brocas area, and Wernickes area, located in the posterior secular lobe (Carlson, 2001 ).

Progressive Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Progressive Movement - Essay ExampleA broadly speaking specify movement was formed from the progressive reformers. Progressives were individuals or groups of people who were concerned about the state of society, impacts arising from urbanization and industrialization, poverty, social issues and political corruption (Foner, 2014, p.678). Progressives as businessmen were ambitious to include the laborers and workers for their rights in decision reservation and economic improvement. Women were part of progressive movement who sought their right of protection of their children from exploitation. Journalists as progressives had exposed the study ills of urban as well as industrial lives with expectations to encourage reforms. Social scientists also took part in progressive era with their beliefs of solving the social problems through the academic research. Middle class individuals were more appalling about the rise of big businesses that could threat their social as well as economic status. Progressivism was defined through currents and trends of counterculture, challenges to authorities, cultural liberation and sexual revolution. Other currents and trends include the steps towards the equal rights, civil rights and establishing the womens organizations.Socialists advocated that economys state control and laborers voices must be accorded in their decision making. Many civil and political organizations recognized that inequality could threat the democracy, so they considered that political struggle was essential to defend the interests of workers.

Resistance and containment as described in the song The Revolution Essay

Resistance and containment as described in the stress The Revolution Will non be Televised - Essay ExampleScott-Heron underlines that a controlled or structured media sens never demonstrate the waves of social, policy-making and cultural changes of a nation. The entire song reveals the idea that The Black revolution would be down in the grooves and on the lanes. The egg whites always regarded the blacks as downtrodden and denied them the necessities of life. Though most of the black leaders had protested against this injustice, they were either silenced by jails or bullets. Blacks used Popular Music as the manifestation of their suppressed feelings and Scott- Herons song The Revolution Will Not be Televised deserves signifi poopce in this respect. Through this widely accepted song, Scott-Heron could come alive the innate feelings of the blacks and the very first stanza of the song makes this grim reality vivid. Readers get a clear contrive of the social set up existed with man y donts at the time of the composition of this song. As the blacks pass on not be able to perform what they desired, they realise the reality that their revolution for attaining racial equality leave alone remain as an oasis. Any one can feel a note of sadness and can experience the dejected state of mind of the blacks in the song on the other hand, the song has as well as the power to raise ones thoughts to a higher level of aesthetic appreciation.As a spokesman of black community, Scott-Heron, like other black writers, portrays the ill-treatment they suffer at the hands of the dominant white community. The very first line of the song grabs ones attention as one can see the pathetic state of blacks being denied of their own houses. However, there is a struggle to endure the sufferings and by portraying the endurance of the blacks, Scott-Heron in a way is advocating that liberation is constantly countered by implicit (and explicit) forms of onerousness that are not always immedi ately identifiable (Jackson). Scott-Heron uses a lot

Imperialism was always seen as positive for Westerners, but as Essay

Imperialism was forever and a day seen as positive for Westerners, moreover as destructive by the peoples of Africa and Asia. To what extent does this statement appear to be true - Essay ExampleThis was a major step by these countries in the west but to the subjects, i.e. Africa and Asia, this was a bad dream if not a nightmare. Africa was specifically chosen because in Africa, declining empires and wars among the locals left umpteen states vulnerable. Furthermore, it would make available of the raw materials e.g. rubber and tin not locally available in the area and would also create a ready market for the goods. The force of European commerce, culture and power in Asia resulted to a rise to growing trade in goods/commodities that were a key development in new-fang guide world free market economy. The motives of this imperialism which were accomplished by the end of the 19th century were improving communications, medical exam advances, and military technologies. By 1860, Africa was still developing internally on its own terms. The dynamism and importance of Africa on the global continuum supports the theory that Africa would have evolved/developed and sustained level of advancement/development and civilization without the fit with imperial forces. Also, many states had been weakened by slave trade1.On one hand, the imperialism was damaging as it led to large portions of Africa came under European colonial rule. When the imperialists saw how splitd and uncivilized the local people were, they notion that with a little help they can easily conquer and rule the land. another(prenominal) factor that heighten their morale was the primitive weapons used by Africans and also they took advantage of the hospitality of the local people. This style is called divide and rule . Westerners sought to fight African tribes among themselves which made it easier for them to take control and earn the free land. Another damaging factor was famines that resulted in regions where farmers grew cash crops for export for imperialistic nations instead of food for local use. native people lost

International student in united state of America Essay

International student in united state of America - Essay ExampleThey go to the joined States beca utilise of the great reputation universities in the United States have for teaching students. These students are often study in technical fields such as computer science, engineering and biomedical studies that are not avail able to them in their home countries. close to international students are working to earn an undergraduate degree, but many are working on graduate and post-graduate degrees as well. bingle thing that the United States is famous for is the many different cultures that all coexist rather peacefully in one nation. This is attractive to students that are coming from countries where ethnic hatred or even open warfare is a reality. It is also very attractive to study in the United States if you are coming from a country where basic human rights and freedoms such as speech, religion and ownership of property are not guaranteed. Great school and a welcoming culture mak e studying in the United States the first choice for many international students. But this does not mean that thither are not problems for international students that choose to study in the United States. I have a very close friend from China that ran into some(prenominal) real problems while studying at a university in the United States. He was very clear in stating that he did not hold the Ameri piece of asss prudent for his bad experiences. He realized after a while that an American studying in capital of Red China would probably have many of the same challenges, only they would be reversed. Communication between cultures is very ticklish and this fact led to many of the misunderstandings and problems he encountered. The first problem centered on the use of the incline language. My friend studied English all through school and felt that he was quite honorable in his use of the language. I remember he was very excited when he scored well on his TOEFEL test. He said that he fe lt that this was a real indication that he was ready to use the English language every day and do well. He soon learned that hew was upon for several reasons. One reason language caused him to have a difficult time was the fact that divergence to a graze or a supermarket became a very stressful experience. In the town where he was living, many of the people at the check-out were very impatient. If he asked them to repeat something they said, even only once, they seemed to be agitated. One very rude person actually said, Why dont you come back when you can speak English right? He wanted to speak with a manager to lodge a complaint about this very rude employee, but he was afraid he would not be able to communicate clearly with the manager. He was humiliated so he just handed some money over to the person and walked out of the store. He didnt even stay to take his change. He heard the other workers laughing as he walked away. This was his worst experience because of his English lan guage skills and it happened on one of his first days in the United States. My friend soon found a shop where the workers were more patient and polite, so this situation was soon solved. What he was not prepared for was the type of academic language that he had to deal with at the university. Classes were much harder than he expected because he was not able to process the language quickly enough to pay attention to what was being taught. He found himself move more and more behind. He didnt want to ask the professors for help, but finally got so epic that he went to each of his teachers on the same day to beg for help. He

Inca rebellion Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Inca rebellion - Movie Review ExampleThe responsible elements behind this conquest are the mount up old accepted notions of the various historians and archeologists. This nonsubjective as well holds horses, steel and germs, accountable for the invasion of the Spanish everywhere the Incas. The documentation focuses mainly on the discoveries made by Guillermo Cook.The common notion behind the Inca devastation was the couple of the regimes but yet this documentary focuses on some other latest theories and contentions regarding the great fall of the civilization. The historians and archeologists, believe on the new theory feel that the horses, steel and germs were the beneficial point of the Spanish conquistadors but the major(ip) deciding factor for the conquest of the Spanish were the enlistment of some native tribes in the battle against the Incas.The documentary is divided into two neat divisions and the major deviation from the chronicles occurs in the first half. The second ha lf is more(prenominal) interesting than the previous one. The cemetery supports the existing belief of the historians yet it is not shown properly. The episode regarding the arrival of the Pizzaro also demands more historical evidences.Every historical documentary, deviates a bit from the chronicles and this documentary is also not an exclusion in this regard yet it is a worth watching documentary as it opens up more more avenues of the age-old hidden and inquisitive controversies and contentions regarding the worlds greatest civilization - The Great

COMUNICATION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

COMUNICATION - Coursework ExampleA skill that I am very excited astir(predicate) improving is sight skills. People skills involve a wide concatenation of inter psycheal skills including assertion skills, collaboration, problem solving, and conflict resolution skills. I am very excited about improving my people skills because doing so will wee a better professional. People skills help people in business because they enable the someone to adapt to the situation based on the audience the person is communicating with. For example a manager chamberpot use his people skills to persuade a provider to lower their prices. People skills can benefit people from any professional background. Doctors utilize people skills to build the trust of their patients. Once this occurs the doctor will flip a returning client. I need to make improvements in my people skills to improve my ability to interact with other students. In college a lot of teaching takes place outside of the classroom. Stude nts with good people skills are able to interact with all types of persons in an rough-and-ready manner. I realized that in order for me to succeed in the business world I have to improve my people skills due to fact that these skills are valuable tools that can enhance a persons career opportunities. People skills can help me improve my interactions in everyday life. People skills can help me achieve better results when dealing with governmental employees.

CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

CASE hear - Essay ExampleThe US application has endured tough times like the economic crisis of 2009, which forced numerous of the airline companies to close shop, while others deciding to merge to increase their competitoryness in the competitive industry. unify perhaps can be wizard of those approaches that has helped small airline companies to remain in business by and by they were declared bankrupt. The result of these tough economic times saw the introduction of low-cost carriers that operate from one point to another as opposed to flying to certain particular destinations.The US airline industry has become very competitive in the recent past, with emerging airline companies development different competitive strategies different from those of companies that book been in the industry for a long time. For instance, the economic crisis made many of the plain small companies to be declared bankrupt with formation of mergers being the only approach that would help them chan ce a substantive market share and consolidate on it (Kowit 7). For instance, The US airways pushed for a merger with American Airlines after realizing that they could not manage the tough business environment.According to this case, the main reason for the many mergers in the industry included the need to reduce excess capacity and reduce the operational costs. Additionally, it would also look as a perfect strategy for elimination of much duplication in the competitive approaches, thusly providing more return on the investments of these airlines. After 2010, many companies stabilized from the effects of the economic crisis, with small companies developing cost-effective competitive strategies that included introduction of low-cost flights among others (Kowit 8).The US airline can be expound as having certain strategic groups depending on their competitive approaches. For instance, many of the new entrants in the industry have concentrated

Mergers and Acquisitons Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Mergers and Acquisitons - Case Study ExampleA merger rattling refers to a business combination of two or more bulletproofs in which only one self-colored survives and the opposite firm or firms go out of existence. In a merger, the surviving firm acquires the assets and liabilities of the other firm(s). A relevant example here is the recent merger of HDFC Bank and generation Bank. After the merger, Times Bank will go out of existence and expanded HDFC Bank will continue to exist. A merger takes place when the firms involved in the combination are of unequal size. The larger or stronger firm continues to exist because of its stronger bargaining power and the smaller or weaker firms go out of existence.Four periods of economic annals have witnessed very high levels of merger activity, which are called a merger waves. These periods are characterized by orbitual activity i.e. large quash of mergers followed by relatively fewer mergers ((ICMR), 2003). The current period is called as the 5th wave. In the first three waves, merger activity was concentrated in the unify States of America. The fourth and the twenty percent waves were global in nature though the impact of the wave is most pronounced in the United States of America.The current merger wave began in 1992. This wave is marked by a large number of mega-mergers and cross-border mergers. Prior to this, there had been four different waves of mergers and encyclopaedisms happening each being predominantly different. A famous example of the acquisition in the fourth wave of merger and acquisition row is the acquisition of Safeway, Britains fourth largest supermarket group (Sky News, 2003) by William Morrison Supermarkets which operates in Central London and England (Arla Foods, 2003).The major drivers for the current wave are deregulation, globalisation and technology. The increasing levels of deregulation are enabling companies to enter or expand their operations in areas which had momentous regul atory barriers. The sectors where the impact of the wave is most visible are telecommunications, entertainment and media, banking and financial services. Safeway PLC was going with a troubled phase of business and was also struggling to cope up with the competition from the other retail giants in UK. As part of this struggle to compete, Safeway has also started experiencing the decline in its brand equity. altogether these struggles of Safeway were despite its strong national portfolio of having almost more than 450 outlets all across the United Kingdom. Going ahead, though William Morrison is a regional retail player in the United Kingdom having its strength in Midlands and in Northern Europe. Though William Morrison PLC is a regional player, the main strength of the company is its brand image and write up in the market. One of the fundamental motives that drive mergers and acquisitions is the growth impulse of firms. Firms that decide to expand have to film between two generic growth strategies, one is the organic growth and the other being the acquisition driven growth. The former one is a slow,

Assessing patient with cardiocascular accident usingRopLogand Tierey Essay

Assessing patient with cardiocascular accident usingRopLogand Tierey - Essay ExampleA shock is when blood turn tail to a part of brain blocks either by a rupture or a shutdown of a blood vessel. Model of Roper, Logan, and Tierney is recommended as the suitable model for use in intensive guardianship settings (Robb, 1997 Sutcliffe, 1994). Molloy (Pg 176 1996) supports the use of this model in a neonatal home. Tierney (1998) suggest that this model allows nursing to work at once with medicine, rather than separately which gives the nurse a chance to acquire knowledge of medicine in a manner which is simpler (Roper, Logan & Tierney 2001). The model measures the individuals potential and comparative independence for development. The rationale for choosing this model was based on its integration of nursing c be with medication. The model stands a good chance to address my patient conditions where the cost of handling as per this model is provided by the state. He is suffering from communication, breathing and personal cleansing which most stroke survivors experience. Diagnosis is an essential process during nursing activities since it assist to set goals of either remedying the situation or sustaining. The cases scenario brought challenge of communication issue, personal cleansing and breathing (Roper, Logan & Tierney 2001). ... Overview Objectives are imperative in that they provide direction in what health care needs to do, and present a principle by which to tax whether the objective has been attained (Mason-Whitehead 2008). It provides the anticipation that the patient may recover and illustrates something is being implemented to attain this with the leaf nodes comprehension and participation in the procedure that considers patients values and desires during the process (Institute of care for 2003). The goal of this assessment is to incorporate Roper, Logan and Tierney Nursing Model, intervention process of the situation and confidentiality requirement s of the patient. The goal of stroke intervention is to regain as frequently independence as possible Recovery from stroke is a sprightliness procedure. For my patient healing begins with formal treatment. It is vital for the nurse and patient family to recognize that no matter where they are in his recovery journey, there is always hope. Partnership and coordination is vital for the patient to learn as much as he can about stroke and healing, and utilize the funds those are available with coaction and advice from the former employee which he was working early before the accident of stroke. Health insurance cover should support his expenses on treatment (Lincoln 2012). This model of nursing ensures that patients are well taken care of even later on discharge and gives the nurse in charge, to gain knowledge, learn practical experience and medicine point of view. correspond to the procedures of (NMC 2008), investigations were done after explanation on all the procedures he would subject to, the common causes of the accident such as hypertension, older age and

Representation of women in the media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Representation of women in the media - Essay ExampleSuch long meander but common public discussions pertinent to Senator Clintons cleavage or demeanor only provided sealed evidence that in fct, sexism in the media was very much alive and well. The highlight reel included coercen-out discussions about the senators cleavage and comments about how men hear take out the garbage when she speaks. The video was a reminder that, at least where Hillary Clinton was concerned, sexism remained very present in the media(Seligson, 2008).Senator Clintons confidence mistaken for masculinity was only the beginning of the sexist fueled media frenzy which all but defined the 2008 presidential campaigns. When Senator whoremaster McCain appointed governor Sarah Palin as his running mate on the republican party ballot sexism was obviously reborn not only in the media but in the very individuals who would wish for the public to think them as anything but sexist. John McCain made a grossly offensiv e mistake by right away selecting Palin when it would appear that Senator Clinton was no longer a contender for the office of the presidency. Most of the media and the general public for that matter, quickly saw his all too timely choice as one which seemed to desperately attempt to draw as many a(prenominal) votes from would be Clinton voters presumably because Clinton voters were only interested in a female candidate. This was an enormously poor oversight on the part of the McCain campaign which did not go unnoticed by many voters. This was not the extent however, of the highly sexualized, recent election.Palin was criticized for everything from her wardrobe to her pregnant teen daughter to her home carry of Alaska. Even well known conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh made lewd references to Governor Palins legs while other well known media commentators referred to her in a number of highly foreign ways, CNBC host Donny Deutsch commented numerous times on her sex appeal. Li beral

Mgmt Organization design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mgmt Organization design - Essay mannequinThis gives them more experience in the work, which promotes creativity and innovativeness.Organic structure is less efficient than mechanistic structure. However, entire structure has more flexibility and employees can adapt quickly with the changes. Organic structure is most separate in uncertain, dynamic, and changing work environments. In addition, since the organization is decentralized and using the organic model structure, vernacular adjustment is also common in the organization and plays an important role in the company. Therefore, employees are allowed to handling their judgment instead of standardized rules to guide decision-making. This makes it possible to inject new synergistic ideas in the butt on of decision-making. Moreover, integration is working well in the company. For example, if there is any trouble, the whole staff or the employees provide work together to solve and coordinate this

Legal Department Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Department - Essay ExampleAs Adoranti (2006) explains, line of business to business and commercial contracts explicitly define the obligations of sellers and buyers. This includes the specialisedations of the contacted for products/services, their quality and time/place of delivery. The violation of contractual obligations, on either side, can be cause for the invalidation of the contract and grounds for the payment of fiscal penalties (Adoranti, 2006). As our organizations sub judice councilor emphasized, the binding form of contracts implies that it is incumbent upon the organization to ensure that a contract whole kit and caboodle in its favor and not against it. Hence, within the context of our organization, the policy is that no sales contract is gestural prior to the formulation of an inter-departmental business plan which details how the organization will fulfill the contract and whether, indeed, it can. only if following(a) a thorough review of this plan does the jural department authorize the signature of the contract.The regulations which the legitimate department has imposed upon contractual commitments are an outcome of prior negative experiences. Two years past an overenthusiastic sales department committed the company to the supply of more than it could produce within a specified time period. As the Sales Director had the authority to conclude contracts, the outcome was the overextension of corporate resources in a bid to satisfy its contractual obligations and, ultimately, a failure to meet the time of delivery, resulting in the annoyance of fines upon the company. This incident, as the corporate legal councilor informed me, instigated a revision of corporate policy, whereby contracts could only be entered into following inter-departmental meetings and the formulation of business plans which outline strategies for the fulfillment of contractual obligations.Contracts, however, do not represent the extent of the legal departments in volvement in corporate and business processes and relations. Indeed, one of the departments primary concerns is employee relations, the implementation of corporate policy and the impudence of adherence. Insofar as the aforementioned is concerned, Poole (2004) identifies it as one of the more important of any corporate legal departments responsibilities, comparable to the implementation of law and order. As such, the legal department governs/supervises employee relations and ensures adherence to a specific code of conduct. This code of conduct extends to company-related behavior following the termination of the employee-employer relation. For example, in the event of an employees dismissal for non work of job related responsibilities, he/she is, as per the employment contract signed, warned against both defaming the company and exposing company business secrets. This, as the legal councilor advised me, was standard practice in most organizations but, without doubt, one of the more important of the legal departments responsibilities as it involved the safeguarding of the company from disgruntled former employees.The protection of the company against defamation, not further by former employees but by competitors and the media consumes much of the legal depa

Benchmarking - Marketing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benchmarking - merchandising assignment - Essay ExampleThe set standards for the classification of this type of drinking chocolate suggests that it can only puzzle at certain height and therefore the brand as such has to meet certain criteria in order to be categorized as blue mountain coffee.There are two distinguished reasons as to why the Blue Mountain Coffee became the leading coffee brands in the world. First is the boilers suit quality of the coffee which is relatively superior to other brands of coffee whereas secondly, strict quality controls and protection has been ensured in order to make the brand an exclusive brand. These characteristics of the product therefore made it one of the most delightful coffee brands in the world.Jamaicas Blue Mountain Coffee is considered as the most controversial coffee brands in the world. It is also however, one of the premium brands of coffee due to its overall aroma, flavor as hygienic as acidity and other qualities. It is however, a rgued that overproduction and changes in environment in recent years has resulted into the rule out in the overall quality of the coffee. (Flock)2Jamaicas Blue Mountain Coffee shot to the prominence during 1960s and 1970s when it was considered as the best coffee in the world. It takes around seven years to mature and contains less(prenominal) caffeine as compared to other commercially produced brands of coffee.The history of Blue Mountain Coffee suggests that it was introduced in the piece by Sir Nicholas Lawes during 1728. However, gradually, it spread to other parts of the Blue Mountain Area and as such was astray cultivated and exported. 3During first half of 20th Century, the overall quality of the coffee deteriorated thus resulting into significant simplification in exports of the brand from Jamaica. However, in 1948 Coffee Industry Regulation Act was passed in order to put up the industry as well as the social and economic life of those who are involved in the cultivatio n of the coffee.It is

Study Problem Essay Example for Free

Study Problem EssayProblem 1 page 397 tauten A has $10,000 in assets entirely financed with fair play. Firm B also has $10,000 in assets, but these assets are financed by $5,000 in debt (with a 10 percent rate of interest) and $5,000 in equity. Both firms sell 10,000 units of output at $2. 50 per unit. The variable costs of production are $1, and fixed production costs are $12,000.(To ease the calculation, scratch no income tax. ) Firm A Assets 10,000 Firm B Assets 10,000 5,000 in debt at 10% $5,000 in equity Both Firm A and Firm B- sell 10,000 units 2. 50 Variable cost- $1 Fixed Cost- $12,000 a. What is the direct income (EBIT) for both firms? Firm A EBIT = tax revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*10,000 $1*10000 $12,000 = $3,000 Firm B EBIT = Revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*10,000 $1*10000 $12,000 = $3,000 b. What are the lolly after interest? The earnings after Interest are Firm A $3,000-$0=$3,000 Firm B $3,000-10%*$5,000=$3,000-$500=$2,500 c.If sales increas e by 10 percent to 11,000 units, by what character will each firms earnings after interest increase? To answer the question, determine the earnings after taxes and compute the percentage increase in these earnings from the answers you derived in part b. New Sales = 11000 Firm A EBIT = Revenue Operating Expenses = $2. 50*11,000 $1*11000 $12,000 = $4,500 Earnings After Interest = $4,500 Percentage Increase = ($4,500 $3,000)/$3,000 = 50% Firm B EBIT = Revenue.Operating Expenses = $2. 0*11,000 $1*11000 $12,000 = $4,500 Earning After Interest = $4,500 $500 = $4,000 Percentage Increase = ($4,000 $2,500)/$2,500 = 60% d. Why are the percentage changes different? The percentage changes are different because Firm A is acquire an increase of $1,500 in revenues over the earlier value $3,000 Firm B is getting an increase of $1,500 in revenues over the earlier value $2,500 This is the same increase, but original values are different, so the mavin with less will show a higher percentage change.

Persuasive memo Essay Example for Free

Persuasive memo EssayMy name is Darrell Pace and I am requesting to continue research for the implementation of a Spanish curriculum in the Professional honorary society sidereal day School. The proposed research give greatly impact our students, p arents, and faculty because the world is becoming increasingly interconnected. Parents are twist to spoken language immersion programs for their toddlers and preschoolers. Some are motivated by the desire to preserve family heritage and culture.Others design early language instruction as a way to provide their children with the academic and cognitive advantages. It is very(prenominal) important for the Professional Academy Day School to accommodate the interest of our parents who entrust their children to us, to teach them skills that are beneficial now and in the future. When we dispatcher the children in our day school the very best curriculum, it enhances our credibleness among our competition and the community.According to the article by Stephanie Meade, 7 benefits of Raising Bilingual Kids, it shows that bilingual children have the next advantages over that of monolingual students Bilingual children have a break away ability to focus and ignore distractions in the environment Bilingual kids can switch from peerless activity to another faster and are better at multitasking. Bilinguals have increased intellectual flexibility and creativity.Bilingual children in dual-immersion schools have been shown in one study to score higher on both verbal and math standardized test conducted in English Bilingual children display stronger logic skills and are better equipped at solving mental puzzles Being bilingual carries over throughout life as it alters brain chemistry and starving off the onset of Alzheimers. After learning two languages, it makes it more apt for learning a third languageThe advantages of a child being immersed into a school that offers dual languages cannot be ignored nor taken thinly whe n the demographics toward Spanish speaking cultures have more than doubled over the last ten years present in our state of Texas. Our school will be behind the curve if we dont move now and research the necessary curriculum that will be the most effective among our students in the classroom. In the article, Preschool Curriculum Whats in it for Children and Teachers written by The Albert Shanker Institute, children learn language when it is presented in meaningful contexts.A strong curriculum teaches vocabulary during studies of interesting content. This strategy which we have found through our research provides restate exposure to new words and teaches children the words they need to represent the new ideas and concepts that they are learning. Our research will prove that the proper Spanish curriculum produces success in math, science, literacy, social studies and the arts. Language is the foundation for childrens learning, and the pre-k years are a crucial time for Spanish langu age development. The research on Spanish curriculum in Pre-k and kindergarten classes is timely and it is of substantial importance to the future of learning at the Professional Academy Day School.

The US and California Essay Example for Free

The US and California EssayThe US and California Constitutions have changed in human relationship to great power in various ways as follows- The relationship between the legislature and the judiciary has been iodin of the key constituents determining change. Thus when the Congress felt that the judiciary was assuming an all powerful and authoritative role, an amendment has invariably come about in the US Constitution. One of the key issues which have been affected is the power between the North and the South or agricultural versus industrial economies of both the regions as signified by abolishment and resistance to slavery respectively. This has been one of the most complex issues which has been addressed through the Constitution bear upon economic, political as well as social lives of people through abolishment of slavery in the 13th Amendment. The ratification of this amendment by states with the north leading the way during the Civil war and the secessionist Confederate States of the States following up after defeat is an important period of change in the Constitution which has nearly reordered power. A part of the series of Reconstruction Amendments, the 14th and 15th Amendments in the Constitution granted citizenship and compeer rights to non whites as any other citizens. This is one of the most powerful changes in the Constitution which has had a unchangeable impact not only in power, society and economy within American society further likewise in making the United States a beacon of freedom and liberty to the entire World. In California, the emergence of the Constitution of 1879 could ideally indicate the influence of power and its ability to reorder society in the State. The Constitution was adopted in times of grave economic and social crisis. During such periods there is bound influence of the government and public confidence on ability of the state to function effectively is also restricted. This has been reflected in the changes to t he Constitution which placed restrictions on the power of the legislature.On the other hand with a prospect to carry out social and economic reform through the instrument of the Constitution, the document evolved was so enlarge that even common statutes were included within it thus reflecting the influence of the times.Bibliography1. Hyink, Bernard L. California Revises Its Constitution, Western Political Quarterly, family line 1969, pp. 637-654. 2. Lee, Eugene. The Revision Of Californias Constitution. CPS Brief, Vol 3 No 3. April 1991. Berkeley University of California.

Group Signature Essay Example for Free

host touch modality EssayGroup shrinkature objects every last(predicate)ow a genus Ph each(prenominal)us of class to sign a message on behalf of the thronging anonymously and in unlinkcapable passion. However, a designated company managing director bay window tardily signalise the signer. The signer of a well-grounded root word ghost is driveed to be a sh are of the conference. These features ar important in some specialized applications. This purpose is to be dropd in electronic business transaction. The scheme needed to satisfy six properties to be secured. These are unforgeability, anonymity, unlinkability, no framing, traceability and coalition-resistant. Mathematicians and com effectuateer scientist continues their studies to emend their proposed schemes. It is to satisfy the six properties with no doubt. Key words host hint, unforgeability, unlinkability, no framing, traceability, coalition-resistant Group Signature submission The growth, in w hich certain anonymity is needed to perform a task in spite of a collection of people or multitudes, is the establish the concept of collection specks is born. Chaum and van Heyst first introduced this. The concept of assort feeling domiciliates a segment of sort out to sign certain messages anonymously and unlinkably on behalf of the whole group.On the former(a) hand, a designated group manager has power to unveil the identity of the signer in cases of dispute. A group tinge is verified through a series of algorithm to ensure that the signer is a portion of that certain group. However, the groups structure is still concealed and the signer hindquarters scarcely be identified if the necessity occurs. With this features, the group signature scheme have potential application. Such applications are needed in electronic transaction that needed to be signed. The anonymity of the signer is essential to stop new(prenominal)s to see organizational structure of the signatory g roup.A group signature is needed to be secured to spare the unlinkability and anonymity. A group signature scheme must satisfy the six properties. One is unforgeability. This is the property which ensures that tho pieces of the group stinker sign on behalf of the group. This feature is necessary to make sure that in reasonable parts or revoked members can non sign on behalf of the group. This provides a way on which if on that point is dispute in a valid group signature, the group manager can easily find out who the signer is or it can be concluded that it is a member of the group when the message is signed. Number deuce is anonymity.This feature assures the members of the group that the identification of the signer will be hard except to the group manger. This is one of the main features of group signature. It conceals the identity of the signer. Consequently, it conceals the organizational structure of the group. The third one is unlinkability. This is feature which tells th at determining whether two valid signatures were riposted by a common member will be hard. This feature is necessary to go with anonymity of the signer. Since if you can identify two valid signatures coming from single member then it will easy to identify the signer.Number four is no framing. This is ensures that no member or the group manager can sign on behalf of other members. This is necessary to protect any member from a wrong identification when a dispute occurs. The fifth one is traceability. The traceability means that a group manager will be able to point-blank a valid signature and determine the identity of member who signed it. It means that in a dispute, the group manager can easily identify the signer. Additionally, this property does not the possibility of not identifying the signer. The last one is coalition-resistant.This means a subset of members of the group or even the whole group cannot afford a valid signature on which the group manger cannot link on one of the members of the subset group. This ensures that a certain valid group signature can always be associated with a single member of the group not with subset of the group. there are many studies which ensure that the six properties are satisfied. There are many proposals of which contains algorithm that is rented to satisfy the six properties. There are some summaries of articles of proposals and advancement in group signature.The reader would find these summaries of articles to contain dispute of other schemes. Security Remarks on a Group Signature Scheme with Member Deletion The Kim-Lim-Lee group signature scheme is scheme which claims to have a member deletion function, shelter and unlinkability. These claims are put into consideration because it is found to be unsecured and linkable. This will drive home some remarks which will prove the un credentials and linkability of the Kim-Lim-Lee group signature scheme (Wang et al. , n. d. ). This scheme consists of different stages. These are remains set up, center, delete, sign verify and open patterns (Wang et al., n. d. ). The system set-up is through with(p) by the rank manager in which he sets parameters and compute for incomprehensible and existence rouges. At the same clock time, the annulment manager selects his secret divulge and then computes and publishes his own cosmos key (Wang et al. , n. d. ). At the merge stage, the exploiter who wants to joint the group need undergo an synergistic protocol on which he is assigned to a generated rank key and give the public key. Additionally, current members of the group update their social station key (Wang et al. , n. d. ). The deletion stage happens when a member is impulsive or involuntary leaving the group.The membership manger performs a series of algorithm and updates the groups public key. He then computes fro the re virginal public key. Here, the membership manager publishes the two new public keys. Then, every valid members of the gr oup updates his secret property key (Wang et al. , n. d. ). In the sign stage, a member needed to sign some message. The member submits his membership key and his secret to generate the group signature (Wang et al. , n. d. ). The group signature generated in the sign stage is then subjected to curb. The verifier then uses a series of computation to verify the signature.The verification will yield a result which indicates if a valid member of the group signed it or not (Wang et al. , n. d. ). In the case of dispute, the open protocol is done. The open protocol is done to trace the identity of the signer. Only the group manager can do this (Wang et al. , n. d. ). The sour of which the Kim-Lim-Lee group signature scheme under is found to be unsecured. This is due(p) to proven accounts its warranter parameters is lacking(p) in some cases. It is proven the two parameters used in the scheme are not competent to ensure absolute security (Wang et al. , n. d. ).The unlinkability claim of this scheme is also taken to account. The unlikability claim was proven wrong. The group signature scheme of Kim, Lim and Lee is prove to be linkable. It is proven that it easy to associate a effrontery group signature to member of a group. This is due to invariance in the group signatures within time and even in all time periods. It means two signatures can be traced back to signer simple computational analysis (Wang et al. , n. d. ). A member deletion stage is then scrutinized by disproving the claim of which a deleted member cannot generate a valid group signature.The problem with this is identified in the process of the updating the members secret key. It is said a deleted member can simply update his secret along with other valid members since he can compute for a member secret in a given time. At the same time, a new member can get a pas seul of his secret membership in the past time when is not yet a member (Wang et al. , n. d. ). Thus, the security of the Kim-Lim-Lee gr oup signature scheme is proven to unreliable and unsecured. It is needed to revised and make betterd to satisfy the necessarily for a candid group signature scheme (Wang et al. , n. d. ).An Efficient ID-Based Group Signature Scheme The ID- storeyd signature scheme is proposed to be more than efficient than other predecessors. The scheme is based on the process of the ID-based electronic signature. The identity-based signature uses publicly known identifier such(prenominal) as IP address, e-mail address and other identifiers. It is use to compute for public key component of the pair use for digital signatures, encryptions, and key agreement. The private key is computed by a trusted authority. This scheme is aimed to have better efficiency and to cope with large play of members in a group (Popescu, 2000, 29-35).The identity based signature scheme is done in several(prenominal)(prenominal) phases. The set-up process is done by the trusted authority which leads to the extract phas e in which the user provide the ID. The ID becomes the public key and the trusted authority returns a private key which is needed to make for the subscribe protocol (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The verification of an identity based signature is done by inputting the message with the signature, the parameters and a public key ID. The verify stage outputs the validity of the signature (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). There is another type of ID-based signature which is from the pairings on elliptical curves.This scheme is done to improve the efficiency of the ID-based signature processes. It is basically similar with the conventional one. However, the computations are different and more appropriate for large second of users (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The scheme use in ID-based signature is put into the context of group signatures. The set-up procedures are similar with the ID-base signature simply the group public key and the secret key is computed differently. Compared to other group signature sch emes the set-up stage is done more efficiently (Popescu, 2000, 29-35).In the join stage, the user casts the ID to the group manager and the group manager computes for the membership certificate and secretly grades it to the new member in a secure private channel. This process is more efficient since the stages were reduced. However, the security is still inherent because of the process in the set-up stage that lessens the lend at other stages (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The subscribe stage makes use of the public and private key pair which was generated by the user himself. The pair key is use to compute and generate the group signature.It is combined with a random number for it to be anonymous and unlinkable (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The verify stage is go in the two parts. The first part is that it verifies if the signer is definitely a member of the group. If the signature generated by the group is valid and it is signed by a member of the group, the second stage commences. It is to verify that a member signed the group signature and not the group manager (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The open stage is done when there is time that the signer needed to be identified. Like other schemes, the group manager can sole(prenominal) do this.This process is very easy for the group manager since the manager knows the identity of the user who is associated with the group signature. This is because in the join stage the bind betwixt the user and the manager was forged (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The ID-based group signature scheme keeps the security properties of a good group signature in tact. The identity based signature guarantees some the properties and the added processes in the group signature scheme made other necessary security measures (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). The ID-based group signature from elliptic curves was derived from the identity based signature scheme.This scheme can handle a large number of members in a group without compromising the security and the efficien cy of the process involved. However, the hurt is that the efficiency of the group signature is based on the efficiency of the identity based signature scheme it uses (Popescu, 2000, 29-35). Practical and Provably Secure Coalition-Resistant Group Signature Scheme Group signature concept is soprano to the identity escrow which this scheme uses to create a coalition-resistant group signature scheme. The identity escrow can replace the membership certificate which other group signature uses.The use of identity escrow in group signatures can be regarded as group-identification scheme with revocable anonymity. This is scheme is just the second coalition-resistant group signature scheme which is an improve version of the first (Ateniese et al. , 2000, 255-270). This group signature scheme differs to other scheme in the efficiency of the join process. The user needs not to send his secret to the group manager not like other conventional schemes. The feature of which the user sends secrets to the group manager is found to be susceptible to attacks.This scheme eliminates such possibility and is proven to be coalition resistant even against adaptive adversaries (Ateniese et al. , 2000, 255-270). The model use by this scheme is somewhat similar to conventional group signature schemes. The group signature scheme undergoes several phases. These phases are the setup, join, sign, verify and in some cases open. Like the other group signature schemes every phase has algorithm need to be follow to ensure the properties to be intact (Ateniese et al. , 2000, 255-270). They only differ in the sign process as this scheme provides an interactive process between the signer and the verifier.The process is derived by replacing the call of the user to the hash function to the call to the verifier. The interactive protocol between the user and the verifier gives way to a more secure group signature (Ateniese et al. , 2000, 255-270). This scheme was proposed to have two major advantages over other conventional group signature schemes. One is the join process is more efficient than other scheme. This is since the new member just needed to provide proofs of knowledge of discrete logarithms in contrast with other schemes which requires new members to prove that a number is a product of two primes.The other advantage is that join process is more secure since it does not require the new member to send his membership secrets which is required in other schemes. Additionally, the property of being coalition resistant against adaptive is in fact an extra advantage (Ateniese et al. , 2000, 255-270). Generally, this scheme surpasses all other schemes created before it in terms of carrying into action and security and it is proven to be coalition-resistant. It is because of the feature like spliting the group manager in two, a membership manager and a revocation manager (Ateniese et al., 2000, 255-270). Group Signature Scheme with Revocation A number of group signature schem es had been proposed. However, these schemes dont consider a growing membership or shrinkage membership as well. In the real world, a member of a group can join, voluntary or be expelled from the group in any time. This done by other proposed schemes by not issuing changes to public keys and re-issuing group memberships. Thus, Popescu, Noje, Bede and Mang from the University of Oradea proposed a group signature scheme with revocation (Popescu et al. , 2003).There are other several group signature schemes that were proposed. However, these other proposed schemes lacked in efficiency and other others in security. There is a scheme which was proved to be efficient and secured but it requires time periods which any and all verifiers must know, thus requires more time in the verification stage (Popescu et al. , 2003). They proposed a group signature scheme in which every step or phase is different from other group signature schemes. It consists of different computational procedures (Pop escu et al. , 2003).In the setup procedure, the group manager needs to undergo several move which will yield the public key P, the secret key S and a group membership certificate consisting of two integers X and ? satisfying a certain equation which relates the two integers (Popescu et al. , 2003). In the join stage, a user wants to join a group. The scheme requires a secure and private communication between the group manager and the user to protect the anonymity of the user. The user chooses an element from a set create by the parameters set by the group manager.From the chosen element the user will compute and send an ID which he needs to prove before he chooses a random number from a designated set. The group and the user computes and send computation results to each other until the user received his membership certificate. After this process, only the user knows his membership certificate and that the group manager only registers the ID of the user in the data base which was o btained in the first computation (Popescu et al. , 2003). The user is then allowed to sign to represent the whole group. At the signing process, the user can create a group signature inside a message by computation.The computation starts with the computation with his membership certificate. The user is the only one who knows his membership certificate so he remains anonymous to others. The group signature is then sent to the verifier for verification (Popescu et al. , 2003). In the verification phase, the resulting signature inside a message is verified through a series of computations in which the accord the proof of equality between the double discrete logarithm of F (a part of the signature) and the discrete logarithm of Ds representation base on the element of the set that the group manager specify in the setup process.If it is equal the verifier concludes that the user who signed the group signature is a member of the group (Popescu et al. , 2003). When the time comes when it is needed to know who signs the message containing the group signature. He can do this by checking the correctness of the group signature. If it is incorrect, the group managers abort the process. Other wise, the group manager recovers a certain ID in the database and prove that the ID is relative to the D (a part of the group signature) (Popescu et al. , 2003).When a member of the leaves the group the group performs a series of algorithm which will result to the publication of the revocation status of a user in the credentials Revocation List which was assumed to be available at all times in a well-known public servers. The CRL is also assumed to be signed by the issuer, the group manager or other trusted party (Popescu et al. , 2003). In this scheme, there are strong considerations in the security as provided different calculations that ensure the impossibility of some scenarios that compromises the anonymity of the members of the group.Furthermore, the cost of the revoke proces s is unidimensional to the number of revoked members. Additionally, this scheme provides fixed signature size and constant work of the signers which makes it more practical than other group signature schemes. However, the opening process of this scheme can result to hundred of exponentiations per signature due to the proofs involving double discrete logarithms (Popescu et al. , 2003). Quasi-Efficient Revocation of Group Signatures This scheme is specified to address the inefficient and unsecured revocation methods use by other group signature scheme.The security of a group signature is not met if it uses an inefficient way of revocation. Additionally, the quasi-efficient revocation methods provide a practical public keys and signatures (Ateniese et al, n. d. ). The importance of a good revocation method is seen in groups with shrinking number of members. The security of the group is compromised if the revocation process is not well established since a revoked member can still sign in spite of the group (Ateniese et al, n. d. ).There are a number of group signature scheme which provides good revocation methods but they need to use synchronized clocks and the signature size is relative to the number of revoked members. The use of generally synchronized clocks in revocation of membership needs to notify all real members most the revocation. It modifies the membership certificate of all members and consequently, affects the size of group signature generated (Ateniese et al, n. d. ). This revocation method is made in line with the ACJT signature scheme.The revocation methods can only be done by revising the retral unlinkability to unconditional unlinkability. However, the easiest way of revocation is reissuing of the membership certificates and regenerating the public key. This costs a lot of work to the group manager and the members since they have to repeat parts of the join process. Additionally, the verifiers need to be informed of the changes. However, th ere is a way to eliminate this inconvenience by generating public keys and membership certificates automatically.This is will eliminate the interactive process between the manager and the members. On the other hand, it has impracticality in the process since it requires issuance of new certificates to existing members (Ateniese et al, n. d. ). The efficient way to overcome this problem is to avoid issuing new membership certificates in the example of revocation of a member. This is done in some scheme in which they use a Certificate Revocation List (CRL). However, the schemes group signature presented contains an encrypted version of the CRL. It is necessary to prevent the linking of the group signatures.However, the problem is resolved here by including the latest CRL to the group public key in which the unlinkability is keep (Ateniese et al, n. d. ). The efficiency of this scheme is measured by the size of the signature, the signer cost, verifier cost, CRL size, and the CRL issu ance cause. This scheme had passed all requirements since it minimizes the size of the signature as it fixed, the cost of the signer is constant, the verifier costs is also constant, the CRL size is inevitably rising but it is minimize and the CRL issuance cost is also unavoidable, however it is the least significant (Ateniese et al, n. d. ).The revocation method with the ACJT group signature scheme had been proven to be efficient and secured. This more practical than other group signature due to its features that fixes the size of the signature and requires constant work by signers. However, the ACJT group signature scheme requires the use of proofs-of-knowledge involving a double discrete logarithm (Ateniese et al, n. d. ). Conclusion These articles had proposed changes to other group signature schemes and some presented their own schemes.Generally, these articles aim to the advancement of the concept of group signature in relation to efficiency. The articles preceding(prenominal ) had proposed methods of how to satisfy six properties needed fro a secure group signature scheme. These schemes are still subjected to further research to optimize its efficiency without compromising its security. References Ateniese, G. , Camenisch, J. , Joye, M. , and Tsudik, G. (2000). A practical and provably secure coalition-resistant group signature scheme.Advances in cryptography, CRYPTO, 1880, 255-270. Ateniese, G. , Song, D. , and Tsudik, G. (n. d. ). Quasi-efficient revocation of group signatures. The Johns Hopkins University University of California. Popescu, C. (2002). An efficient ID-based group signature scheme. StudiaUniv. Babes-Bolyai, Informatica, 47, 29-35. Popescu,C. , Noje,D. , Bede, B. and Mang, Ioan. (2003). A group signature scheme with revocation. University of Oradea. (Popescu et al. , 2003) Wang, G. , Bao, F. , Zhou, J. , and Deng, R. H. (n. d. ). Security remarks on a group signature scheme with member deletion. Infocomm Security Department, Institute for Infocomm Research.

Early Humans Essay Example for Free

Early creation EssayWhat animals did the early humans hunt for food?Early humans found meat from animals that were hind end in the day, the meat was not so common because before they had animals they had other types of food like for example, fruits from trees, nut and sometimes even honey and the y also got berries form the burry bushes like raspberries, strawberries, blueberries and so on, still the animal that they always use to eat in the ancient times was the buffalo which was one of the just ab come forth common animals in there specific villages and just aboutly when they would get the animals they would open them up with sharp things and wherefore they would eat the meat and by the time they figured out fire they used fire to sterilize the food like we do know. How the early Human nut and got their food?Well the simple manage is that they used weapon to hunt the animals but we always thought that the early humans are monstrous but the truth is that they are actu ally very smart because of the weapons they used for hunting and another thing they did to hunt food was that back in the early days there was a group of concourse called hunter gatherers and what hunter gatherers are is that basically a group of people for example from villages (mostly man) would go out to hunt for food mostly everyday and then when any of them would get food they will act as it to the group of people that they are and then the would most probably share the food with the people. And mostly the weapons would be made out of stones and wood. Also an example of the weapons they used wear spears and bows made out wood and stones. The most common food eaten nowadyaus are seeds. Also very populare is vegetables and fruits.

Preparatory Project Essay Example for Free

Preparatory Project EssayTraffic over-crowding in cities is a puzzle throughout the world. Evaluate the effectiveness of one official initiative undertaken to draw rein this issue Traffic congestion is a condition on the road when traffic jams are bad and no movement is possible. The main(prenominal) causes of the traffic congestion are traffic incidents, road works, weather events and constant traffic flow. It negatively impacts on the environment by causing a harvesting in the level of air pollution. Time unpointed in traffic is the reason for delays which negatively affect stability and discipline in education, work and economy. For example, upstart delivers of goods to market consequently affects sales and produces losses in revenues. Eventually, because of the budget deficit potiness goes bankrupt. According to Texas transference Institutes Urban Mobility Report only in the USA daily travelers lose 1 day plus 10 hours per year as a result of congestion on roads and in 2 decades average amount of congestion has increased by 380 %( Forbes 2011). Although this problem is worsening both year there are some examples when official policies struggled a pee-peest this dilemma.Different municipal governments use various methods to get away with traffic congestion. For example, in the Netherlands and Mexico City local authorities applied cycling promotion. Another method to impose congestion is road charging in special restricted areas which was implemented in Singapore, Stockholm and capital of the United Kingdom. The London over-crowding Charge (LCC) is one of the well-known models of road pricing, so further content of this essay will decoct on it. This essay will evaluate effectiveness of the LCC program which was undertaken by municipal government of London to tackle traffic congestion using identified criteria the improvement of normal transport services, results in free fall-off traffic level, gained revenues and the way they were use d. Firstly I will describe running(a) principles of the LCC.Following paragraph discusses predicted and certain results of neutralise in traffic congestion. Then I will show how the LCC change public deportee system. Finally, the use of gained revenues to improve public transport will be evaluated. The LCC was officially introduced on 17th February 2003 by Transport for London (TfL) under direction of Mayor Ken Livingstone (Li et al. 2012, 366). Before the official launch of this turning away studies like Road Charging Options for London in 2000 (ROCOL) were provided to get an significant information on traffic levels, and it express that by implementing 5 charge zone and using revenues to improve transport system congestion could be reduced.(Livingstone 2004, 491-93). These are general concepts of the scheme pay fee is 10 it operates from 7.00 am to 6.00 pm in working days and mostly covers area known as Central London. Buses, motorcycles, licensed taxis, alternative fuel , invalid-designed and collar vehicles are not obligated to pay charge (Litman 2011).The zone is monitored with cameras, and symbols with signs are displayed on it to notify commuters. on that point are miscellaneous methods to pay it such as internet, telephone, text messaging and through TfL. Overall, mainly collect to technologies system worked properly and almost no complaints were made by commuters. However, it has drawbacks because the fee doesnt depend on travelled distance and during congested periods the amount of fee remains same. First of all, the main precession of the congestion charge was to reduce traffic level. ROCOL predicted that after implementation there will be average decrease by 10-15 % in travelled miles. Reduction in miles thought to raise average speed from 9.9 to 11.2 mph, and drop in private car trips expected to be by 20 %.(ROCOL 2000 quoted in Leape 2006, 164 ). Overall, results were positive and met expectations. The right of travelled distance in charged zone was about 15 % (Prudhomme Bocarejo 2005, 1).There was a growth by 37% in average traffic speed (Litman 2011). The reduction of potentially chargeable vehicles in charged area was 27% (Leape 2006, 165). From the information below it is clear that there is a significant drop in traffic level. On the other hand, mostly all information on traffic levels comes from TFL reports, provided it is the governmental organization so we cannot consider TFL as absolutely neutral institution. In addition the LCC affected congestion just inside the charged zone but not in whole London. Secondly, the priority of the congestion charge was to make radical improvements in mint services (Livingstone 2004, 495) and increase the exit of tidy sum users. The raise in the number of bus passengers was 18% in 2003 and 12% in 2004 and it remained same bordering years (Santos 2008, 192).The TFL affiliate excess waiting time with weakness of service, and it fell by 30% and 18% in first 2 years (Santos 2008, 192). The LCC caused a growth by 7% in bus speed (Prudhomme Bocarejo 2005, 6). Moreover, extension of bus lane system and new purchased buses from revenues also improved service. It can be concluded that the development of service and reallocation of road space to busses effectively switched people to use public transport more. Thirdly, municipal government of London planned to use gained revenues to improve public transport system. The TFL predicted to gain revenues between 130-150 million (Leape 2006, 169).In fact, results showed that expectations were too exaggerated net revenues brought less than 50% of predicted sum.The key factor for mischance to get more profit was that congestion charge provoked unexpected reduction in number of potentially charged vehicles. However, as it was planned, maintained money from the charge was spent on sweetening of bus lucres within road safety, and to popularize walking and cycling (Leape 2006, 170). Furthermore, revenues wer e invested to buy new 250 busses to develop bus network system (Prudhomme Bocarejo 2005, 7). It is obvious that incomes were used to develop transport system as it was projected. Additionally it was semipolitically important to use money in that way to maintain support for the LCC from citizens. To sum up, in spite of political debates on implementation of the LCC, the action taken by local authorities of London generally real as a political and technical success.There is a significant reduction of traffic congestion in charged zone. On the other side, a decrease of traffic in this area couldnt impact completely on congestion in all London. Revenues gained from charge were spent on enhancement of public transport which caused a popularization of the scheme. The idea of road pricing in London was politically implemented and positively accepted by public, even it is not a popular method to tackle congestion. However, there is a still big question in its efficiency to dramatically c hange bureau on all city roads, so policymakers must think how to enhance system to reduce congestion drastically in the city.Reference listForbes.2011. Escape the Cost and Lost Time of Traffic congestion. Accessed October 30, 2012. http//www.forbes.com/sites/tombarlow/2011/10/22/escape-the-cost-and-lost-time-of-traffic-congestion/ Leape, Jonathan. 2006. The London congestion Charge. Journal of Economic Perspectives 20 (4)157-76. Litman, Todd. 2011. London over-crowding Charging. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. http//www.vtpi.org/london.pdf Li, Haojie, Daniel J. Graham, and Arnab Majumdar. 2012. The effects of congestion charging on road traffic casualties A causal analysis using difference-in-difference estimation. Accident Analysis Prevention 49 366-377. Livingstone, Ken.2004. The Challenge of Driving Through trade Introducing Congestion Charging in Central London. Planning Theory Practice 5(4)490-98. Accessed October 25, 2012. doi 10.1080/1464935042000293224 Prudhomme, Rmy, and Juan Pablo Bocarejo. 2004. The London Congestion Charge A Tentative Economic Appraisal. Transport Policy 201-9. Santos, Georgina. 2008. London Congestion Charging. Brookings-Wharton cover on Urban Affairs (9)177-207.

Management and Chemical Engineering Essay Example for Free

Management and chemical locomotive engineering EssayI engender completed my Bachelors of Technology in Chemical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India (IITG). I am seeking a position in your organization in order to enhance my skills and practical experience, age being resourceful and innovative.I have worked hard in my undergraduate studies, striking a ease between compulsory courses like Fluid Mechanics, Process Equipment Design, Process Control and Instrumentation, Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, related to wet lab courses and supervised research under the focal point of Dr Chandan Das (Associate Professor, division of Chemical Engineering, IITG) Dr AK Golder (Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, IITG). My Bachelor Thesis Project was on Biosorption of heavy metals to purify industrial effluents under the guidance of Dr. Chandan Das (Associate Professor, Dept. of Chemical Eng., IITG) and Dr. AK Golder (Associate Professo r, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, IITG). When I look back now, I realize the role of an enliven mentor in a students life. Dr. Das and Dr. Gloder gave me a whole new means to explore my research skills and the touch on in reading research articles while doing my undergraduate courses in mainstream Chemical Engineering.After graduation I joined Jindal Steel and Power Ltd as a Project Engineer where I practiced what I learnt during my pedagogicsal life. Post completion of one year, I joined SPI Pvt. Ltd. As an Assistant Manager. I choose this as apart from technical skills, I also wanted to take a shit a good understanding about the business processes and its various elements. While working there my interest became more focused towards managerial skills. It was there where I decided to go for my higher education in Masters in Management as managerial knowledge via a reputed and esteemed university will stand by me to learn a wider scope of business management skills which was mi ssing in my technical career.In my education thus far, I have been actively involved in sports and co-curricular activities including making manual robot, organized Rock-o-Phonix for collar consecutive years (2008, 2009 2010) and represented IIT-Guwahati in Inter IIT sports meet in Football which has helped me to develop upon simpleness in approach, patience, team work, confidence, loyalty, ability to manage loads of stress and adaptability. To work using the in-hand knowledge and endemical creativity simultaneously is my biggest asset.Education I believe is not just excelling in courses that we take and pass their exams but a continuous process of development and self-realization. Not just asking what to do or how to do but who am i and what is my purpose too. My long term career goals are to wrick socially responsible individual and to get the dream job of working in the field of interest.If prone the opportunity of pursuing the graduate study in field of management I would be get involved in a project that will help me grow intellectually and professionally and resultant role in useful outcomes.

Ing Vysya Bank Essay Example for Free

Ing Vysya Bank EssayBanking system of a farming is the shadow of nations economy. A healthy and profitable banking system is just like the backbone of nations economy. It is necessary for a nation to achieve growth and remain stable in this global public and global economy. The Indian banking system, with one of the largest banking networks in the world, has witnessed a series of reforms over the past few days like the deregulation of interest rates, dilution of the government stake in public sector banks (PSBs) and the increased familiarity of private sector banks. History of Banking SystemBanking in the modern sense of the enounce can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north like Florence, Venice and Genoa. Origin of the word The word bank was borrowed in Middle English from Middle French banque, from Old Italian banca, from Old senior high German banc, bank bench, counter. Benches were use as desks or exchange counters during th e Renaissance by Florentine bankers, who used to make their transactions atop desks covered by green tablecloths. One of the oldest items found showing money-changing use is a silver Greek drachm coins.Its performance is getting better year by year. It has been crossbreeding a new lap at every year. ING Vysya Bank has a wide variety of products and go which it offers to its customers. The main customer segment belongs to middle age group. It belongs to mainly business class and service class. bulk of the customers are satisfied with the services provided by the bank. Its major competitors include Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank, IDBI Bank, Karur Vysya Bank and Dhanlakshmi Bank. In short, it can be said that the future of the bank is very bright and the bank is growing at a debauched rate.

Conrads Heart of Darkness and Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Conrads content of Darkness and Goldings passkey of the travel EssayIn doing this I will explore some of the sev timelize points in both novels. For example they both criticise the period of time they are living in. For Golding it is later on the Second World War and he is addressing that war could break out again. Proving this is in the first chapter we take we was attacked This shows that mankind would attack children in a passenger plane. Whereas Conrad is living in the late Victorian era where Europe has thrust imperialism on Africa and has exploited the natives into slavery. Evidence of this is the chain-gangs.Firstly I am going to go through at how both of the novels in some show a disunite of journey into the human mind. In master copy of the Flies it is where the children cross from the right-hand(a) side of the island to the bad side. This starts with Jack saying Bollocks to the rules This direct showed the breakdown in society. This started possibly not the journey of the children from good to bad, but it is a journey that the island takes from good to bad. It starts with Jack saying that his choir shall be hunters.This begins the journey. The island starts to get darker and the children start to show the darkness of the human heart. With hunters that shtup have qualities linked with it that turns people into mere animals with only one thing on the mindkilling. This is showed by how when Jack, Simon and Ralph light upon the candle buds, Jack acts aggressive with them Jack slashed one of them open with his knife and its scent spilled over them. He didnt just cut them open he slashed them. He again has killing on his mind with we cant eat them. It is not only Jack that has taken this journey into evil. Jacks commonwealth are heard to be chanting incessantly Kill the beast Cut his throat wasteweir his bloodSo Goldings depiction of a journey into the human mind addresses the obsession of killing. Conrad has a sympathetic approach, bu t instead of killing he exercises madness. Evidence that this is a common thing in the congo is when Marlow pays a visit to the bear upon. The Doctor was then with a certain eagerness asked me whether he could measure my conduce Marlow let him, and asked the Doctor whether he measured the peoples heads when they come back too? Now the Doctor says something moderately strange Oh, I never see themthe changes take place inside you know So the Doctor implies that people go mad out there and never come back.The characters in the two novels sort of follow the same lines. I have grouped the main four characters from the two novels and have depute them in to two pairs- Marlow and Ralph and Jack and Mr Kurtz. Firstly, with Marlow and Ralph they start off as good people but they both make geological faults. For Ralph it was ultimately letting the group vote on whether there were ghosts or not. He did not need to let the vote go. What was strange was the focusing in that he asked the q uestion Who thinks that there whitethorn be ghosts? That question seems to lead everyone into saying that there are ghosts. He instantly lost power. He should have asked, Who thinks that there are no ghosts? This would have led everyone into voting for this. Marlow made the main mistake in being led into Kurtzs charisma. He had stated his dislike of the ivory being kept, but when he met Kurtz you hear him say, I was fascinatedJack and Kurtz were similar in that they were evil. I have already examined the way in that Jack is evil, as he instigated the break down in the society on the island. He also had a band of bloodthirsty hunters. Kurtz is evil in the way that he brought in much ivory than all the other stations put together but he never returned it. looking at the viewpoint of the two novels I find that are in two different ship canal to address the nature of the novels. Heart of Darkness has Marlows viewpoint. I believe that this was done so that we could be in line with his thoughts and feelings. This makes us understand more about the darkness of the human heart. Whereas Lord of the Flies has a narrator. We dont get the same inside intelligence as with Marlow, but we get some viewpoints such as Ralph wept for the end of innocenceHaving a narrator helps us to have focused on Ralph on a curve of learning. Simon is viewed differently as his mind is open to us. For example when he encounters the Lord of the Flies, the words that the Lord of the Flies are saying is merely Simon speaking to himself. Golding is writing about Simon in this way so that he can express who the beast actually is. Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt you knew didnt you? Im occasion of you? We instantly now start to understand that something as bad as the Beast has been made up by the human heart.The setting that Conrad uses is firstly the Thames and then he compares it with Congo. He uses the fact that the Thames leads into the biggest, and the greatest, town on earth. Then the journey down the Congo is a road to evil and darkness. The things Marlow see such as the chain gangs. Black shapes crouched, layattitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair They were dying very slowly-it was very clearIn Lord of the Flies Ralph is Adam in Garden of Eden as he has an instinctual relationship with his surroundings, but his goodness bit by bit fades as he is tempted by evil. The apple in the Garden of Eden is the bad side of the island (the beef up area). This is proved by the fact that that was where Piggy was killed his head opened and stuff came out and turned red. some(prenominal) novels address the darkness of the human heart. I believe that they are both very similar. Conrad and Golding both use death as their tool of evil. In Heart of Darkness it is the natives of Africa that are exploited and flogged until they die. In Lord of the Flies Golding has used the fact that even children would murder each other if they were in charge of society. two o f the texts are fables. The two authors criticise what is contingency or what could happen in their period of time. Conrad didnt like what was happening in Africa in the late nineteenth century. Golding was writing what could happen if another war broke out. They may both go to the extremes to condemn society, but with the violence of the everyday world and the overall greed, anything can happen.

The Changing world of Work Project Essay Example for Free

The Changing world of Work Project Essay1. Explain the different ship authority the length of age plenty stayed in their barters hurl changed today since the time of my grandp bents.In todays fast-pace society, one is ever more than having to change, curiously with regard to the jobs one has and the cargoners one whitethorn pursue. The Jobs for life idea is long gone. My grandp atomic number 18nts probably started employment for one come with when they were aged around 15-16, and they would shed been more likely to stay with the same conjunction for the rest of their life until they retired. The majority of people, back in the day, tended to stay in one job. They may have progresses in the company (e.g. from assistant manager to manager to managing director). They would have never even thought approximately the possibility of ever-changing their job, unless they were forced to do so (if they got fired for example).It is presumed that in a mortals average operativ e life, they forget non change jobs several times, but will also change their line of c atomic number 18er.Nowadays, at that place is no guarantee that one may have a job for life, so it is important for the functional people in todays society to be prepared for change receivable to various factors which could be brought up.2. line of behave 18.1- Smith Brothers is a very traditional firm that concurs garden furniture by hand. This furniture sells intumesce loc bothy and is forever and a day in demand. Over the last year, there has been an increase in the account of people buying garden furniture, curiously of the wooden type. The brothers have a big decision to make, do they amplify their business and create more jobs for people or modernise the company and bring in engineering and let the computers make the furniture? The proposal has created a hostile reaction from the wrenchers. List the reasons for and against Smith Brothers changing their method of production of garden furniture. Concentrate on the good and bad points of apply computers in the production process.1. life-threatening points of victimisation computers in the production business-* More accurate measurements in devising the furniture.* Less gentlemans gentleman error due to the phthisis of computers.* Stronger fixtures as computers are being used.* Cut back on un bespeaked costs e.g. employees wages.* Cut back on loss of time, as computers laughingstock be reverseing(a) for approximately all of the day e.g. 19 hours a day. Whereas humans washbowlt be working(a) for that long.2. risky Points of using computers in the production business-* The degree of flexibility required by an employee in order to prepare a job will increase if more computers are used.* Although, the Smith Brothers will be making cuts in the initial number of employees (replaced by computers) they will have to employ technicians to ensure that their computers are working constantly.* If somethin g serious happens to a computer, the whole transcription may be disrupted, thus delaying production of the furniture.* If the measurement in the prototype goes wrong, and so the computers will automatically continue to make the wrong products, thus increasing the time occupyed for production, wasting resources, coin and materials.* Dealing with computers/machines may require a certain amount of instruction, especially in the production process, knowing when to push which switch etc. therefore, this will take time and may cost money in order to train the employees to know how to make them work. week 21. project 18.2- You have been given the task of trying to change the attitude of the people that work with you, with regard to training as they feel it is not worth it. Give your reasons and examples as to why you think they should change their attitude. channelize is a natural aspect to growing life and will continue to happen as engineering science becomes more dominant. In ord er to appease successful, it is essential that companies constantly train and educate their employees. Modern companies should experience to ensure that all have an underlining net of skills and eventually, has the skills that are required to perform a certain number of tasks. This will make the employee or trainee more demanding to other potential employers.Although training involves time and money, the time and money does pay off in relation to the employee. For example, if the employer training the employee trains them up really hard, then that employee would be satisfactory to get a potentially better job with another employer. When the new employer trains that employee up again, then that employee can once again go off and get a better job with more pay. This turn will continue, provided that the employee stays in a similar field of work as marketing skills may not be required for administration tasks.Training will also improve the performance and efficacy of employees in g eneral as well as training unskilled workers. Training also reduces the need for supervision and provides strikinger opportunities for the staff or employees. Individual employees being trained would find that due to their training, there would be a reduction in the number of accidents in the workplace, and they would be less likely to make mistakes. Their pay would increase too and they could gain a promotion to another job, if not change jobs to a better company all together.2. Task 18.6- Delta Homes plc, a property developer, has a Personnel Department. Much of the work of this department involves recruiting construction workers on unorthodox contracts.a) Explain ONE reason why Delta Homes plc employs workers on temporary contracts. 2 MarksDelta Homes plc employs workers on temporary contracts because they are unable to provide permanent contracts, therefore, temporary contracts which allows the hiring and/or firing of employees to compositors case the business cycle of the c ompany can be put forward.b) Explain TWO problems for Delta Homes plc that might wind from employing workers on temporary contracts. 6 MarksTwo potential problems that Delta Homes plc may face due to these temporary contracts-* Is the fact that the job security, which is considered by many another(prenominal) people to be very important, disintegrates. Job security is very important because it provides stability and can lead to high motivation. Many employees would like to know that when they come to work tomorrow, they will hush have their job to go to and continue to receive income. The idea of temporary contacts is worrying for many people, especially the employees who have families to support and also have the responsibility of providing for them. They want to know that when they take out a load for five years or longer, they will still have a job, enabling them to brook the monthly payments.* Similarly, in mortgage companies, if one of these Delta homes plc temporary empl oyees decide to purchase a home, then the company would want to know if they have a secure job which will enable them to make the payments and if they are employed for more than 1 1/2 years or so. Therefore, many of Delta Homes plcs employees will have a hard time trying to find a mortgage for their home purchase because they may not be employed for long or may get fired any day.WEEK 3Task 18.7- An increasing number of employees work from home and cargo area in contact with the location using a computer and a modem. Write a trace on the effects this way of working might have on the employee and the implications for the employer. (Concentrate on any good and bad points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home).Good Points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home-* There is no need for travel to work everyday and during rush hours. Both the employer and employee benefit from this because the employer wont need to be accountable for t he employees late(a) arrival into work.* Computers stationed at home anywhere in the country can be linked to a company and employers do not have to rely on local labour to fulfil the workforce. The employee gets to work at home just as if they were in their office, due to the system link-up. Saves time and hassle of using USB storage devices or floppy disks to transfer files and data/information between office and work. Also, when the employer wants a melodic theme in, then the employee working from home can just email it to the employers office email address so there is no need to travel to meet a deadline.* Working from home allows the employee to be flexible, so working when they have the time to and are available. For example, a mother of three children could work after mean(prenominal) office hours (at home) when the children are asleep or are distracted. Also, if her children are ill, she need not get a nanny or child-minder to look after them, she can put her work on hol d for a while and look after the children herself. Due to this, she doesnt need to take time off work.* The employer does not need to provide the employee the premises to work, as they can do it at home due to the computer system link. This way, the employer can cut down on costs for the company, e.g. the food they pay for in order to rust their employees, the cost of building extensions to the main office building, the additional cost of the electricity and gas bills. Also, employers can use labour in areas of high unemployment so, can reduce the salaries they pay cut back on costs.Bad Points for the employer and the employee who might be working from home-* The employee may not be able to work at home unsupervised, due to lack of concentration, thereby not finishing reports and missing deadline dates.* The employer does not know whether the employee is working or taking an early holiday. They wont have any say on the hours that the employee puts into their work.* If the employee works overtime, then the exact hours overtime may not be known because there was no witness. So, employee may endure out on the overtime pay.* If there is a system link failure with the computer, then the employee will be stuck and may lose all of their work. Also, lose time on working on the report/project.WEEK 41. What does flexible working mean?Flexible working is when the employee is required to come into work and do a job with out much notice. They have to be able to keep their schedules rude when it comes to work. A bit like a doctor who is on call he doesnt know when a casualty will come in therefore, he has to be available if something happens.2. Why do more companies require their employees to have flexible working?More companies require their employees to have flexible working because many of them require their facilities to be functioning 24/7/365 24 hours a day. They cannot afford to let their equipment remain easy for long periods of the day.3. Why is flexible wor king of great importance for companies whose employees work with computers?A person/employee who repairs or mends computers would have to be flexible because they will wait for a telephone call or message to say they are needed to repair a machine. This call could come during the evening, at weekends or even at bank holidays whenever the computer breaks down. The company could not afford to let the computers stand idle for great periods of time, mainly because we have come to rely on them so much. If a machine is not working, then it is costing the company money and hindering somebodys work.WEEK 51. Why do companies pretermit a lot of time in making sure the computers they are going to buy are the correct ones?Computer equipment is very expensive to buy. If one buys a computer it is often said to be out of date immediately after one has bought it. Something new has already been introduced, which is better and more in good order than the original one purchased. This is because com puters are continually being updated therefore, the pace of change is very fast. Therefore, companies will guide a great deal of time and efficiency in making sure that the computers they purchase are the correct ones for the job that needs to be done.2. Why is it important that a technician makes sure all computers are working all the time?It is important that a technician makes sure all computers are working all the time because if they stand idle, they are losing the company money. This is why companies employ technicians to ensure that the computers are functioning and working properly without any problems.3. Why is it important that companies are always looking to update their computers?Companies will always need to update their machines because we live in a fast-changing world and they need to be able to keep up with the pace. If they do not update, then they could become uncompetitive and would not be able to crap the same results in the given time. This could lead to more unemployment in the company.WEEK 61. How has the use of email helped reduced waste?The use of email has reduced the amount of paper that is used in the world, which in turn has reduced the number of trees hat need to be cut down to produce the paper. Also, the energy used to cut down the trees has also been saved, which could have an effect on global warming. This has become of great concern to business, the government and the public in recent years.2. How has the use of computers reduced waste in industrial processes (making products)?Computers have reduced waste in industrial processes by guaranteeing that each batch of products or materials that will be made would be to the same quality as the last and the one before that. This is due to the decrease in human error. This cuts down on the amount of resources used in the process.3. What is and why is recycle important in society?recycle is the re-use or sustainable use of products e.g. paper, glass and steel cans. Recycling is imp ortant in society because the huge amount of litter that has been created through the disposal of throw-away materials. These throw-away materials are habituated of in land-fill sites around the world. Eventually, and slowly, we will run out of land-fill sites and so where will the waste go? This can be stopped by preventing the production of such throw-away materials and the promoting or the production of recyclable materials.